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1.
Summary The D-galactose specific lectin fromViscum album L. reacts with serum proteins that contain the corresponding D-galactopyranosyl residues. By affinity chromatography of human serum on lectin-sepharose IgM, 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin and -lipoprotein were quantitatively retained. Only parts of IgA, IgG and transferrin were retarded. The other serum proteins are unbounded as albumin, 1A– and 1C. 相似文献
2.
Nicole Schwarz Jessica Pruessmeyer Franz M. Hess Daniela Dreymueller Elena Pantaler Anne Koelsch Reinhard Windoffer Matthias Voss Alisina Sarabi Christian Weber Antonio S. Sechi Stefan Uhlig Andreas Ludwig 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(24):4233-4248
The surface-expressed transmembrane CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1/fractalkine) induces firm adhesion of leukocytes expressing its receptor CX3CR1. After shedding by the disintegrins and metalloproteinases (ADAM) 10 and 17, CX3CL1 also acts as soluble leukocyte chemoattractant. Here, we demonstrate that transmembrane CX3CL1 expressed on both endothelial and epithelial cells induces leukocyte transmigration. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we generated CX3CR1 variants lacking the intracellular aspartate-arginine-tyrosine (DRY) motif or the intracellular C-terminus which led to a defect in intracellular calcium response and impaired ligand uptake, respectively. While both variants effectively mediated firm cell adhesion, they failed to induce transmigration and rather mediated retention of leukocytes on the CX3CL1-expressing cell layer. Targeting of ADAM10 led to increased adhesion but reduced transmigration in response to transmembrane CX3CL1, while transmigration towards soluble CX3CL1 was not affected. Thus, transmembrane CX3CL1 mediates leukocyte transmigration via the DRY motif and C-terminus of CX3CR1 and the activity of ADAM10. 相似文献
3.
PNPLA1 mutations cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in golden retriever dogs and humans
Grall A Guaguère E Planchais S Grond S Bourrat E Hausser I Hitte C Le Gallo M Derbois C Kim GJ Lagoutte L Degorce-Rubiales F Radner FP Thomas A Küry S Bensignor E Fontaine J Pin D Zimmermann R Zechner R Lathrop M Galibert F André C Fischer J 《Nature genetics》2012,44(2):140-147
Ichthyoses comprise a heterogeneous group of genodermatoses characterized by abnormal desquamation over the whole body, for which the genetic causes of several human forms remain unknown. We used a spontaneous dog model in the golden retriever breed, which is affected by a lamellar ichthyosis resembling human autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI), to carry out a genome-wide association study. We identified a homozygous insertion-deletion (indel) mutation in PNPLA1 that leads to a premature stop codon in all affected golden retriever dogs. We subsequently found one missense and one nonsense mutation in the catalytic domain of human PNPLA1 in six individuals with ARCI from two families. Further experiments highlighted the importance of PNPLA1 in the formation of the epidermal lipid barrier. This study identifies a new gene involved in human ichthyoses and provides insights into the localization and function of this yet uncharacterized member of the PNPLA protein family. 相似文献
4.
Inflammasomes: current understanding and open questions 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Bauernfeind F Ablasser A Bartok E Kim S Schmid-Burgk J Cavlar T Hornung V 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(5):765-783
The innate immune system relies on its capability to detect invading microbes, tissue damage, or stress via evolutionarily
conserved receptors. The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing family of pattern recognition receptors
includes several proteins that drive inflammation in response to a wide variety of molecular patterns. In particular, the
NLRs that participate in the formation of a molecular scaffold termed the “inflammasome” have been intensively studied in
past years. Inflammasome activation by multiple types of tissue damage or by pathogen-associated signatures results in the
autocatalytic cleavage of caspase-1 and ultimately leads to the processing and thus secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines,
most importantly interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Here, we review the current knowledge of mechanisms leading to the activation
of inflammasomes. In particular, we focus on the controversial molecular mechanisms that regulate NLRP3 signaling and highlight
recent advancements in DNA sensing by the inflammasome receptor AIM2. 相似文献
5.
Fluctuations in the counting rate of photons originating from uncorrelated point sources become, within the coherently illuminated area, slightly enhanced compared to a random sequence of classical particles. This phenomenon, known in astronomy as the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect, is a consequence of quantum interference between two indistinguishable photons and Bose Einstein statistics. The latter require that the composite bosonic wavefunction is a symmetric superposition of the two possible paths. For fermions, the corresponding two-particle wavefunction is antisymmetric: this excludes overlapping wave trains, which are forbidden by the Pauli exclusion principle. Here we use an electron field emitter to coherently illuminate two detectors, and find anticorrelations in the arrival times of the free electrons. The particle beam has low degeneracy (about 10(-4) electrons per cell in phase space); as such, our experiment represents the fermionic twin of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect for photons. 相似文献
6.
7.
The study of retrovirus-induced leukaemias in mice is a powerful tool for the elucidation of the normal regulation of the haematopoietic system. The acute murine spleen focus-forming viruses (SFFV) can be classified according to the haematopoietic lineage on which they exert their effects in the adult mouse. Here we report a new SFFV isolate, the AF-1 virus, with the novel ability to transform cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. The virus was isolated from sarcomas that were induced on passage of a cloned Friend helper virus (F-MuLV, 643/22F) in newborn BALB/c mice. We have cloned the transforming defective subunit of the AF-1 viral complex in NRK cells and isolated several subclones. Analysis of the proviral genome in two non-producer cell clones reveals that AF-1 virus contains Harvey v-ras-specific sequences (Fig. 1). Thus, AF-1 virus is closely related to Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MSV), and is, at present, the only tool by which permanent cell lines can be obtained from mononuclear phagocytes in the mouse. 相似文献
8.
Lucas Matt Stylianos Michalakis Franz Hofmann Verena Hammelmann Andreas Ludwig Martin Biel Thomas Kleppisch 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(1):125-137
Neuronal hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are known to modulate spontaneous activity, resting
membrane potential, input resistance, afterpotential, rebound activity, and dendritic integration. To evaluate the role of
HCN2 for hippocampal synaptic plasticity, we recorded long-term potentiation (LTP) in the direct perforant path (PP) to CA1
pyramidal cells. LTP was enhanced in mice carrying a global deletion of the channel (HCN2−/−) but not in a pyramidal neuron-restricted knockout. This precludes an influence of HCN2 located in postsynaptic pyramidal
neurons. Additionally, the selective HCN blocker zatebradine reduced the activity of oriens-lacunosum moleculare interneurons
in wild-type but not HCN2−/− mice and decreased the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory currents in postsynaptic CA1 pyramidal cells. Finally, we found
amplified LTP in the PP of mice carrying an interneuron-specific deletion of HCN2. We conclude that HCN2 channels in inhibitory
interneurons modulate synaptic plasticity in the PP by facilitating the GABAergic output onto pyramidal neurons. 相似文献
9.
This paper addresses issues such as: Does it always pay to combine individual forecasts of a variable? Should one combine an unbiased forecast with one that is heavily biased? Should one use optimal weights as suggested by Bates and Granger over twenty years ago? A simple model which accounts for the main features of individual forecasts is put forward. Bayesian analysis of the model using noninformative and informative prior probability densities is provided which extends and generalizes results obtained by Winkler (1981) and compared with non-Bayesian methods of combining forecasts relying explicitly on a statistical model for the individual forecasts. It is shown that in some instances it is sensible to use a simple average of individual forecasts instead of using Bates and Granger type weights. Finally, model uncertainty is considered and the issue of combining different models for individual forecasts is addressed. 相似文献
10.