民间信仰变迁与引导——以黔西南州为例

民间信仰作为民众生活中的一种精神寄托,是人类社会发展与思想文化积淀的历史产物,其形态、内涵不但具有多样性,而且还涵盖了不同时期不同民族的文化层次。黔西南州是一个多民族聚居地区,各民族的生活习俗有其自身特点,民间信仰有着悠久的历史和深厚的社会基础,伴随着社会变革和思想文化的繁荣发展,民间信仰变迁也随之发生着深刻变化,经历了艰难曲折的历程。党的十六届六中全会提出建设社会主义核心价值体系,对民间信仰未来发展趋势指明了方向,在加快中国特色社会主义建设进程中,对于民间信仰在民众中产生的不良影响和有悖于社会主义核心价值体系建设的消极因素及负面作用,要加以约束和进行说服教育,对其在民众中有积极教化作用的成分,要充分利用和进行正面引导,使之与社会主义社会相适应。     

体操运动损伤的特征及预防措施研究

通过对体操运动损伤的调查研究,初步揭示了损伤的一般规律,并提出一些较合理的预防措施,以其能为减少运动损伤的发生,促进教学改革提供有益的参考。     

Genetically modified photosynthetic antenna complexes with blueshifted absorbance bands.

Light energy for photosynthesis is collected by the antenna system, creating an excited state which migrates energetically 'downhill'. To achieve efficient migration of energy the antenna is populated with a series of pigments absorbing at progressively redshifted wavelengths. This variety in absorbing species in vivo has been created in a biosynthetically economical fashion by modulating the absorbance behaviour of one kind of (bacterio)chlorophyll molecule. This modulation is poorly understood but has been ascribed to pigment-pigment and pigment-protein interactions. We have examined the relationship between aromatic residues in antenna polypeptides and pigment absorption, by studying the effects of site-directed mutagenesis on a bacterial antenna complex. A clear correlation was observed between the absorbance of bacteriochlorophyll a and the presence of two tyrosine residues, alpha Tyr44 and alpha Tyr45, in the alpha subunit of the peripheral light-harvesting complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a purple photosynthetic bacterium that provides a well characterized system for site-specific mutagenesis. By constructing single (alpha Tyr44, alpha Tyr45----PheTyr) and then double (alpha Tyr44, alpha Tyr45----PheLeu) site-specific mutants, the absorbance of bacteriochlorophyll was blueshifted by 11 and 24 nm at 77 K, respectively. The results suggest that there is a close approach of tyrosine residues to bacteriochlorophyll, and that this proximity may promote redshifts in vivo.     

Complex formation between glycerol and metal ions as studied by means of ESR,NMR, and optical absorption spectroacopy

Zusammenfassung Es wurden die ESR-, NMR- und die optischen Absorptionsspektren für Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺ und Mn²⁺ in Wasser- oder Glycerollösungen bestimmt. Die untersuchten Metallionen bilden einen Komplex mit Glycerol.     

Human cooperation: second-order free-riding problem solved?

Panchanathan and Boyd describe a model of indirect reciprocity in which mutual aid among cooperators can promote large-scale human cooperation without succumbing to a second-order free-riding problem (whereby individuals receive but do not give aid). However, the model does not include second-order free riders as one of the possible behavioural types. Here I present a simplified version of their model to demonstrate how cooperation unravels if second-round defectors enter the population, and this shows that the free-riding problem remains unsolved.     

陕西省房地产价格波动特点、原因及对策

采用定理和定性结合的方法,分析陕西省房地产价格波动特点及影响因素.实证结果显示,陕西省新建住宅、新建商品住宅及二手住宅价格均呈平稳中温和上涨的整体运行态势.房地产价格波动的主要影响因素为政府的宏观调控政策、保障房供应、土地供给加大等.根据分析结果提出稳定房地产价格、促进陕西房地产市场健康发展的政策建议.     

Egalitarian motives in humans

Participants in laboratory games are often willing to alter others' incomes at a cost to themselves, and this behaviour has the effect of promoting cooperation. What motivates this action is unclear: punishment and reward aimed at promoting cooperation cannot be distinguished from attempts to produce equality. To understand costly taking and costly giving, we create an experimental game that isolates egalitarian motives. The results show that subjects reduce and augment others' incomes, at a personal cost, even when there is no cooperative behaviour to be reinforced. Furthermore, the size and frequency of income alterations are strongly influenced by inequality. Emotions towards top earners become increasingly negative as inequality increases, and those who express these emotions spend more to reduce above-average earners' incomes and to increase below-average earners' incomes. The results suggest that egalitarian motives affect income-altering behaviours, and may therefore be an important factor underlying the evolution of strong reciprocity and, hence, cooperation in humans.