RF磁控溅射法制备PbTe纳米薄膜

利用RF磁控溅射和真空退火方法制备了PbTe纳米薄膜.利用SEM、XRD、AFM和FTIR分别对制备的样品的表面形貌和颗粒大小、结构以及带隙宽度进行了测试.结果显示,在10 W溅射功率下制备的PbTe纳米薄膜为纳米颗粒镶嵌薄膜,在20 W功率下为PbTe颗粒膜.10 W制备的纳米颗粒的平均直径为40 nm左右,平均高度为5 nm; 20 W制备的颗粒直径为100 -400 nm,平均高度为65 nm;两个条件下制备的样品均表现出明显的<100>方向的择优取向性,并且20 W的结晶质量比10 W的好.FTIR分析显示10 W和20 W制备的薄膜的带隙宽度分别为0.340 eV和0.343 eV,都比块体带隙宽度大.     

Solvothermal synthesis and ferromagnetic property of bamboo-shoot-like oriented carbon micromaterials

Bamboo-shoot-like oriented carbon micromaterials (BOCMs) were synthesized by a solvothermal method at 450°C for 4 h using deoiled asphalt (DOA) as carbon source, toluene as solvent, ferrocene as catalyst precursor and amphiphilic triblock copolymer P123 as surfactant. The morphology and structure of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results reveal that the obtained products have good distribution with uniform diameters of about 0.5 μm and the lengths of 1–1.5μm, and hydrogen-carbon bonds are observed on the surface of BOCMs. The growth mechanism of BOCMs is discussed, in which that the catalysis of ferrocene and the dispersion and assembly of the aromatic molecules of DOA directed by P123 are critical to the formation of the BOCMs. The coercivity value (231.91 Oe) from the measurement of a vibrating sample magnetometer shows that the BOCMs have an obvious ferromagnetic behavior.     

U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Wudangshan Group in the South Qinling and its geological significance

U-Pb dating was made by the LA-ICP-MS method for detrital zircons from the Wudangshan volcanic-sedimentary succession in the South Qinling. Samples comprise quartz sandstones of the Wudangshan Group collected from the base of the Yangping Formation and an upper layer of the Shuangtai Formation overlain its volcanic sequence, and two river-sand collections from the drainage systems cutting across the two formations, respectively. The results show that the Yangping detrital zircons are dominated by 830–780 Ma grains with a minor population of ~1.0–0.84 Ga and sporadic grains of ~2.6, ~2.4 and 2.0 Ga, whereas the Shuangtai zircons yield an upper intercept age of 763±33 Ma, identical to the timing of the Wudangshan volcanism within error, with few concordant grains of 1.9 and 0.86 Ga. Age spectra for the two river-sand samples are similar to those of the Yangping and Shuangtai Formations, respectively. It thus suggests that the Wudangshan strata are less than 780 Ma, whereas their major detrital zircon populations of 1.0–0.85 Ga and 830–780 Ma are consistent with timing of the Hannan magmatic activities along the northwestern margin of the South China Block. This suggests a Hannan or adjacent area provenance for the Wudangshan strata. The Wudang area is characterized by rift-related igneous events at ~755 and ~680 Ma, respectively, pointing to a tectono- magmatic history different from the Hannan area. It is inferred that the ~755 Ma magmatism is likely to indicate a separation of the South China Block from the supercontinent Rodinia, while the ~680 Ma event suggests a further split between the South Qinling and some unknown continent.     

炼油装置加热炉节能存在的问题及解决措施

分析目前炼油装置加热炉运行过程中存在的主要问题,并针对这些问题进行探讨;提出通过优化换热流程、联合回收余热、提高加热炉效率等来解决这些问题,从而优化加热炉运行,达到节能的目的。     

Near-field coupling and SERS effects of palladium nanoparticle dimers

The linear optical properties and the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of spherical palladium nanoparticle dimers are analyzed theoretically using generalized Mie theory. The calculation results demonstrate that the near-field coupling effect greatly influences the absorption, scattering and extinction spectra of nanoparticle dimers. The surface plasmon resonance wavelength red-shifts dramatically as the separation between nanoparticles decreases. Because of the near-field coupling between nanoparticles and the size effect, the maximum SERS enhancement factor at the ‘hot spot’ between palladium nanoparticle dimers is as high as 10⁷–10⁸, while the averaged SERS enhancement factor over the entire nanoparticle surface is in the range of 10⁵–10⁶. The deviation between the position of the peak in the extinction spectrum and the wavelength for maximum surface-averaged enhancement for the Pd nanoparticle dimers indicates that localized surface plasmon resonance has different influences on the far and near fields. These theoretical results may help to reveal the relationship between the far and near fields, as well as understand the mechanism of electromagnetic enhancement in the surface-enhanced scattering of transition metals.     

存在老鼠仓时证券市场多期均衡分析

构建了老鼠仓、做仓机构投资者和其他普通投资者的多期交易模型,通过将老鼠仓交易量作为噪声源,从加剧市场信息不对称以及改变做仓机构投资者效用取向等角度,分析了市场参与各方的交易行为,并利用理性预期均衡方法求解市场多期均衡.通过定量分析表明,老鼠仓交易市场冲击系数随着做仓交易次数的增加而减小,老鼠仓交易量随之增加;但是,在多期做仓交易过程中,其他普通投资者并不能因为交易次数的增加而更加准确地获取资产价值信息.     

滩羊角蛋白KAP1.3基因与二毛裘皮主要性状相关性研究

应用PCR-RFLP分子标记技术,研究了258只滩羊角蛋白KAP1.3基因的多态性及其与裘皮品质的相关性.结果表明,检测出A,B两个等位基因,基因频率分别为53%,47%;产生AA,AB,BB基因型,基因型频率分别为25.2%,55.8%,19.0%;BB基因型所对应的毛股弯曲数显著高于AA,AB基因型（P〈0.05）,AB,BB基因型在A＋194 bp处碱基T转换为C,导致氨基酸由异亮氨酸变异为苏氨酸.可通过改变KAP1.3 BB基因型的频率来提高滩羊裘皮弯曲数目,也说明角蛋白KAP1.3基因有望成为提高裘皮弯曲数性状的分子标记辅助选择候选基因.     

多尺度生成对抗网络的图像超分辨率算法

基于神经网络的图像超分辨率方法往往存在重建图像纹理结构模糊、缺失高频信息的问题。为了解决该问题,在SRGAN的基础上提出一种多尺度并联学习的生成对抗网络结构,其中生成模型由两个不同尺度的残差网络块组成,首先对提取的低分辨率图像通过两个子网络的多尺度特征学习,然后使用融合网络进行残差融合,融合不同尺度高频信息,最终生成高分辨图像。在Set5、Set14、BSD100基准数据集以及SpaceNet卫星图像数据集上的实验结果证明了该算法在恢复低分辨率图像的细节纹理信息具有良好效果。     

高速公路出行距离特征分析与应用

为分析高速公路出行距离特征与快速准确地计算高速公路起讫点(origin-destination,OD)矩阵,通过统计收费数据探寻不同车型的出行距离特征,并结合收费站点区域的联系强度构建OD估算模型。根据车型分类标准对收费数据进行分车型整合处理,利用频数分析和曲线拟合建立出行特征函数,并利用空模型法模拟客车和货车距离衰减规律;根据收费站不同行车区间内出行概率与节点间的联系强度,建立基于驾驶员出行特征的OD估算模型并进行实例分析。结果显示:河北省客、货车出行距离区间分别集中在50～150 km与100～300 km;距离衰减系数分别为1.08和1.205,不同于默认值2,随距离的增加有显著的衰减趋势;客车和货车最佳拟合函数分别为对数正态分布和正态分布,OD估算结果误差小于5%。     

岩柱失稳的非线性突变模型及其混沌演化特征

首先从静力学角度出发,利用非线性突变理论的方法,以岩石材料弱化的本构关系为基础,建立了方形岩柱失稳的尖点突变模型,并给出了岩柱失稳的静力学判据:即只有当上履岩体的刚度小于岩柱弱化段拐点的刚度时,岩柱将发生静力失稳;其次利用静力突变的结果,从远离平衡的角度出发利用突变方程的结果导出了岩柱在非平衡态运动的非线性微分方程,研究了线刚度变化情况下岩柱运动的混沌特征。结果表明:当线刚度处于一定范围内时,系统的运动将会是混沌的,并利用最大李雅普诺夫指数及庞加莱截面进行了验证。