Research advance in failure risk and local strength failure for high arch dams

To develop national economy and use the water resources and hydropower resources sufficiently,a lot of high arch dams,with the height of more than 200 m,have been and will be built in China.Although arch dams have good mechanical behavior,there is still failure possibility due to the huge water pressure and high stress level in dam,complex topographic and geologic conditions,formidable environment and high intensity earthquake.As one of the three main aspects concerning the safety of high arch dam,the study on global destruction,has been elaborated in the literatures,and research advance in the other two aspects,namely the failure risk and local damage of high arch dams,will be reviewed in this paper.In recent years,the failure risk of high arch dams has been investigated,and the model for identifying dam failure risk factors has been established.It is shown that the foundation deterioration and strong earthquake are the major risk sources for high dam failure.With the fault tree method,the failure mode and failure probability of high arch dams are studied,and the principle for determining failure mode and the method of calculating failure probability are proposed.Meanwhile,the determination principle of acceptable risk standard for high arch dam was proposed,and the acceptable risk rate and the acceptable standard value of various risk losses were given.For the local damage of arch dam,it is pointed out that the local damage belongs to the strength failure at material level.The study on local failure mechanism of arch dam is reviewed,based on the theories that from traditional strength theory to damage mechanics and meso-mechanics theory.Aiming at the cracking,the main pattern of local failure of high concrete dam,the research advances in the analysis methods and cracking criteria for smeared crack model and discrete crack model are summarized,and the research findings of preventive measures for local failure are shown.     

Aerodynamic optimization and evaluation for the three-dimensional afterbody/nozzle integrated configuration of hypersonic vehicles

The optimization of 2D expansion lines and key parameters of three-dimensional configurations was carried out under simulated conditions of Mach 6.5 and a flight altitude of 25 km for an integrated configuration of the afterbody/nozzle of a hypersonic vehicle.First,the cubic B-spline method was applied to parameterize the expansion lines of the upper expansion ramp.The optimization procedure was established based on computational fluid dynamics and the sequential quadratic programming method.The local mesh reconstruction technique was applied to improve computational efficiency.A three-dimensional integrated configuration afterbody/nozzle was designed based on the two-dimensional optimized expansion lines.The influence rules incorporated certain key design parameters affecting the lift and thrust performance of the configuration,such as the ratio of the lengths of the lower expansion ramp to the afterbody (l/L),the dip angle of the lower expansion ramp ω,and the ratio of exit height to the length of afterbody (H/L).Under these conditions,we found that the integrated configuration has optimal performance when l/L=1/6,H/L=0.35 and =10°.We also showed that the presence of a side-board promotes lift and thrust performance,and effectively prevents the leakage of high pressure gas.     

合成方法对于生物质合成气一步法合成二甲醚催化剂性能的影响

以Cu-ZnO-Fe2O3-ZrO2作为甲醇合成活性组分并以HZSM-5作为甲醇脱水活性组分用3种不同的方法合成了催化剂,对催化剂进行了XRD和BET表征.研究了3种合成方法对于生物质合成气一步法制二甲醚Cu-ZnO-Fe2O3-ZrO2/HZSM-5催化剂催化性能的影响,结果表明,合成方法对于活性组分的分散度有很大的影响,从而进一步影响催化剂对于该反应的催化活性及目标产物的选择性.     

间歇性连接移动自组网中自适应喷雾路由协议

针对传统喷雾路由协议缺乏自适应能力的问题,该文提出一种适用于间歇性连接移动自组织网络的可预测自适应种子喷雾(PASS)路由协议.该PASS路由协议在业务源端检查应用层发送时延要求的合理性,并预测路由代价;被授权的中继节点根据当前网络环境动态建立时延与喷雾深度的映射关系.仿真结果表明,该PASS路由协议能在缺乏网络参数的动态网络环境中满足时延约束,是一种有效的低代价时延约束路由协议.     

Distributed Aggregation Algorithms for Mobile Sensor Networks with Group Mobility Model

In many applications of mobile sensor networks, such as water flow monitoring and disaster rescue, the nodes in the network can move together or separate temporarily. The dynamic network topology makes traditional spanning-tree-based aggregation algorithms invalid in mobile sensor networks. In this paper, we first present a distributed clustering algorithm which divides mobile sensor nodes into several groups, and then propose two distributed aggregation algorithms, Distance-AGG (Aggregation based on Distance), and Probability-AGG (Aggregation based on Probability). Both of these two algorithms conduct an aggregation query in three phases: query dissemination, intra-group aggregation, and inter-group aggregation. These two algorithms are efficient especially in mobile networks. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms in terms of aggregation accuracy, energy efficiency, and query delay through ns-2 simulations. The results show that Distance-AGG and Probability-AGG can obtain higher accuracy with lower transmission and query delay than the existing aggregation algorithms.     

环境中有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（TDCP、TECP、TCPP）对人胚肾细胞（HEK293）的影响(英)

水环境中的微污染物有机磷酸酯如三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)、三(2-氯-异丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)和三(1,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯(TDCP)主要用作聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃剂。物理、化学和生物处理很难完全消除这些污染物。本研究的目的是研究阻燃剂在环境水平和较高浓度下对人细胞系的细胞毒性和细胞周期效应。结果表明,在浓度为0.001 mg/L和0.01mg/L时,只有TDCP具有轻微的细胞毒性,而当这三种化学物质浓度100 mg/L以上时对细胞毒性有显著的诱导作用。TCEP和TCPP的EC50分别为276.8 mg/L和58.4mg/L。三种药物均能抑制CDK 4的表达,TDCP能增加CDK 2和cyclin E的表达,而TCEP和TCPP在CDK 2和cyclin E的表达上表现出自差现象。TDCP和TCEP使细胞数量减少,细胞形态发生改变。可见三种化学物质对HEK 293细胞的杀伤作用可能是通过抑制CDK 4调节蛋白而产生的。     

基于最小二乘法模拟听力损失曲线滤波器的设计

为了在助听器客观评价时综合考虑佩戴者的不同程度听力损失,本文提出了一种听力图的模拟方法。该方法首先通过听力图计算各个频率点的幅度衰减,然后以此为依据,采用最小二乘法设计FIR滤波器,来模拟典型的听力图,使语音通过该滤波器后达到与听力图显示的患者听力损失相同的衰减效果,从而实现对听力损失的模拟。最后,文章通过一组实验表明：该滤波器对输入信号的频域衰减效果确实同典型的听力图一样。可见该滤波器有望加入助听器的测量评价体系,以提高评价准确性。     

Constrained Consensus of Continuous-Time Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Networks with Nonconvex Constraints and Delays

Journal of Systems Science and Complexity - This paper studies the continuous-time constrained consensus of heterogeneous multi-agent networks with nonconvex input and velocity constraints, where...     

基于全息扫描的大型复杂钢结构变形监测与受力评估新技术

以重庆来福士高空连廊结构为项目依托,阐述了大型复杂钢结构变形监测的新方法和具体技术路线。针对变形监测中点云数据难以拼接的问题,通过空间特征点实现坐标系配准;针对变形监测点选取困难、数量多、工作量大的问题,提出一种基于算法提取结构的挠度变形曲线的方法,实现无监测点的变形监测;同时将有限元仿真模拟与三维激光扫描技术的变形监测相融合,根据三维扫描变形监测结果反向修正有限元计算,通过应力变化评估结构受力状态。结果表明:该方法有效解决了变形监测中的难题,保证了工作的效率和有限元计算的准确性,对于结构的健康监测具有重要意义。     

应用前哨淋巴结活检术指导乳癌手术方式的临床研究

目的探讨开展乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)的必要性、可行性、准确性及临床应用价值.方法应用美蓝5 mL于原发肿瘤上、下、左、右选4点行皮下及乳腺组织注射,5～15 min后仔细解剖,根据蓝染标记切除SLN.所有患者行同期根治术,切除SLN与区域清扫标本同时送病理检查,了解其符合率,并评价SLNB的可行性.结果 30例均进行SLN识别定位,活检后经病理检查有2例错误.1例未取到SLN,故SLN的检出率为96.7%;1例SLN病理呈假阴性.按目前国外SLNB的评价标准,本组SLNB的敏感度为88.9%,准确率为93.3%,假阳性率为0,假阴性率为11.1%.结论乳腺癌SLNB目前在国内外仍处于研究阶段,随着研究的扩大与深入将可能取代常规的ALND.