Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems spegazzinine and spegazzinidine

Zusammenfassung Auf Grund von Protonresonanz und massenspektrometrischen Messungen werden die Strukturen III und VII für die Aspidosperma-Alkaloide Spegazzinidin und Spegazzinin vorgeschlagen.

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This paper represents part III. For preceding paper seeB. Gilbert, J. Ferreira, R. J. Owellen, C. E. Swanholm, H. Budzikiewicz, L. J. Durham, andC. Djerassi, Tetrahedron Letters,1962, 59.

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This paper represents Part VI in the La Plata seriesEstudios sobre Plantas; for paper V seeT. Nakano, C. Djerassi, R. A. Corral, andO. O. Orazi, J. org. Chem.26, 1184 (1961).     

非光滑算子方程的单调迭代方法

本文首先在PTL空间中研究了非光滑算子方程Fx=O的具有单调收敛性的显式迭代方法,得到了单调列的存在收敛性结果。其次,在半序Banach空间中给出了达代列收敛速度的估计。最后,本文将所讨论的方法用于两点边值问题的求解。     

过度有氧运动对不同性别成年骨代谢相关激素的影响

为研究过度有氧运动对不同性别成年骨代谢相关激素的影响,选取某学院体育系的80名学生作为研究对象,其中男生40人,女生40人,随机将其划分成对照组和训练组,训练组受试者需进行大强度的健美操训练,对照组受试者在此期间不进行任何训练,针对不同性别的研究对象进行不同指标测试研究。实验发现训练组不同性别成年人实验后体重非常显著性低于实验前和对照组;脂肪百分比和瘦体重和实验前及对照组相比有显著性差异。长期过度有氧运动能够降低成年男性血睾酮含量,对骨代谢激素产生不利影响;同时,长期过度有氧运动会使女性骨代谢负平衡。因此,不建议成年人长期进行有氧过度运动。     

Topological domains in mammalian genomes identified by analysis of chromatin interactions

The spatial organization of the genome is intimately linked to its biological function, yet our understanding of higher order genomic structure is coarse, fragmented and incomplete. In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, interphase chromosomes occupy distinct chromosome territories, and numerous models have been proposed for how chromosomes fold within chromosome territories. These models, however, provide only few mechanistic details about the relationship between higher order chromatin structure and genome function. Recent advances in genomic technologies have led to rapid advances in the study of three-dimensional genome organization. In particular, Hi-C has been introduced as a method for identifying higher order chromatin interactions genome wide. Here we investigate the three-dimensional organization of the human and mouse genomes in embryonic stem cells and terminally differentiated cell types at unprecedented resolution. We identify large, megabase-sized local chromatin interaction domains, which we term 'topological domains', as a pervasive structural feature of the genome organization. These domains correlate with regions of the genome that constrain the spread of heterochromatin. The domains are stable across different cell types and highly conserved across species, indicating that topological domains are an inherent property of mammalian genomes. Finally, we find that the boundaries of topological domains are enriched for the insulator binding protein CTCF, housekeeping genes, transfer RNAs and short interspersed element (SINE) retrotransposons, indicating that these factors may have a role in establishing the topological domain structure of the genome.     

颗粒相运动参数的光纤式高速摄影测量方法

介绍了一种用于测量稠密气固两相流颗粒相运动参数的光纤式高速摄影技术原理及其装置的构建方法.首先,将光纤内窥镜布置在流场内被卤素灯照亮的测量区域,与高速摄像机配合使用,获取颗粒群通过被测区时的运动视频,并对其进行图像预处理,使视频中的每帧图像清晰、无畸变;然后,采用颗粒特征识别算法提取每帧图像上颗粒的瞬时速度,并进行概率分布统计,得到表征颗粒流动特性的速度分布.利用该测量装置对一台截面直径为200 mm、高1 500 mm的三维喷动床进行了实验研究.测量结果表明,颗粒相垂直速度的径向分布曲线可以将颗粒在喷动床轴向截面上的运动特性分为A,B,C三个区域,其中A区与B区的分界点是颗粒相速度为0的点,也是喷动床内喷动区与环隙区的界面位置,这与相关文献的理论预测相吻合.     

微气体螺旋槽推力轴承-转子系统非线性动力学分析

基于分子气体膜润滑模型探讨微气体螺旋槽推力轴承中的稀薄效应,将广义雷诺方程与运动学方程在时域内耦合并采用直接数值模拟方法联立求解,获得了任意时刻微转子的瞬态位移和速度响应,考察了气体稀薄效应以及不同螺旋槽结构参数对微气体螺旋槽推力轴承-转子系统非线性动力学行为的影响,并得到不同转速对应的轴向扰动临界值.结果表明:考虑稀薄效应时微轴承-转子系统显示出更好的稳定性;转速增加,轴向扰动临界值降低;能提高微轴承承载力的最佳螺旋槽结构参数,并不利于提高微系统的稳定性.     

节能研究现状与进展

随着全球受到的环境和资源约束越来越大,节能的观念已经深入人心,并且得到了广泛的认同和深入的发展,与此同时,节能政策与措施也得到了广泛的应用．笔者重点总结了节能的发展现状和研究进展,通过对国内外文献的分析,得出：节能思想经历了三个发展阶段;节能研究集中于节能法律政策、节能领域、节能指标体系、节能管理新机制等几方面;节能目标的制定、宏观政策、经济方式的转变和市场机制等影响节能的实现以及目前人们采取的节能措施．     

Unresponsiveness of colon cancer to BRAF(V600E) inhibition through feedback activation of EGFR

Inhibition of the BRAF(V600E) oncoprotein by the small-molecule drug PLX4032 (vemurafenib) is highly effective in the treatment of melanoma. However, colon cancer patients harbouring the same BRAF(V600E) oncogenic lesion have poor prognosis and show only a very limited response to this drug. To investigate the cause of the limited therapeutic effect of PLX4032 in BRAF(V600E) mutant colon tumours, here we performed an RNA-interference-based genetic screen in human cells to search for kinases whose knockdown synergizes with BRAF(V600E) inhibition. We report that blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) shows strong synergy with BRAF(V600E) inhibition. We find in multiple BRAF(V600E) mutant colon cancers that inhibition of EGFR by the antibody drug cetuximab or the small-molecule drugs gefitinib or erlotinib is strongly synergistic with BRAF(V600E) inhibition, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we find that BRAF(V600E) inhibition causes a rapid feedback activation of EGFR, which supports continued proliferation in the presence of BRAF(V600E) inhibition. Melanoma cells express low levels of EGFR and are therefore not subject to this feedback activation. Consistent with this, we find that ectopic expression of EGFR in melanoma cells is sufficient to cause resistance to PLX4032. Our data suggest that BRAF(V600E) mutant colon cancers (approximately 8-10% of all colon cancers), for which there are currently no targeted treatment options available, might benefit from combination therapy consisting of BRAF and EGFR inhibitors.     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages and tectonic implications for Indosinian granitoids of southern Zhuguangshan granitic composite,South China

The large southern Zhuguangshan granitic batholith composite consists of granites with ages varying from the Caledonian through Indosinian to Yanshanian. Based on K-Ar dating data, the ages of the major parts of this composite were previously regarded as Yanshanian. In this study, the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating method has been adopted for six plutons, Ledong, Longhuashan, Dawozi, Zhaidi, Baiyun and Jiangnan, in the southern Zhuguangshan composite, in which the four plutons other than Baiyun and Jiangnan were previously regarded as Yanshanian granites. Magmatic zircons from these six plutons, dated by this study, have yielded ages of 239±5 Ma (MSWD = 2.5), 239±5 Ma (MSWD = 2.5), 239±2 Ma (MSWD = 1.7), 239±4 Ma (MSWD = 3.2), 231±2 Ma (MSWD = 0.81) and 231±3 Ma (MSWD = 1.8), respectively. The results indicate that these plutons were formed by early Indosinian magmatism. Geochemical characteristics suggest that these granites were formed in an extensional tectonic environment. Therefore, the Indosinian period granites in the southern Zhuguangshan composite were formed by partial melting of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic crustal components during the collapse of thickened lithosphere after the collision between the South China and Indosinian plates.