An engraved artifact from Shuidonggou, an Early Late Paleolithic Site in Northwest China

Cognition and symbolic thinking are viewed as important features of modern human behavior.Engraved objects are seen as a hallmark of cognition and symbolism,and even as evidence for language.Accumulated evidences including engraved bones,ochre,ostrich eggshells and stone artifacts were unearthed from Africa,Europe,Levant even Siberia Paleolithic sites.But the archaeological evidence for this,including beads,ornaments,burials,performed objects and engraved objects,is rarely discovered in the Pleistocene of East Asia.The present paper reports an engraved stone object unearthed in the Early Late Paleolithic levels about 30 ka BP at the Shuidonggou site(SDG) in northwestern China.It was unearthed in the 1980’s excavation from Lower culture unit of SDG1 but was identified in 2011 when the first author of this article observed the collection from the 1980’s excavations stored in the Institute of Archaeology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for further detailed lithic analysis.This lithic artifact is the first engraved non-organic object of the Paleolithic period found in China.In order to clarify the details of the incisions and to document the human intentional modifications,we used a KEYENCE VHX-600 Digital Microscope to measure and observe all the incisions in 3-dimensional perspective.Comparing the natural cracks and analyzing many details of the incisions,we argue that incisions on this stone artifact are the result of intentional behaviors by ancient humans.Also,we exclude the possible other causes including animal-induced damages,post-depositional phenomenon and unintentional by-products.Combining all these features,we suggest that the incisions were made by an intentional behavior and were probably of a non-utilitarian character.Because the nature of most other engraved objects in China is debate,we cannot get a clear scenario of the emergence and progress of modern human behavior in North China.But we infer the possible existence of a counting or recording system,or other symbolic behaviors,which reflect considerably evolved cognitive capacities or modern human behavior in the Early Late Paleolithic of East Asia.     

Attenuation of ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface due to atmospheric aerosols in Guangzhou

The UV attenuation due to atmospheric aerosols in Guangzhou was quantitatively assessed using surface ultraviolet radiation (UV,295-385 nm) observation,sun photometer and radiation models.Observations showed that the annual average value of aerosol optical depth (AOD) was 1.19 in UV spectral region of 340 nm,the annual average occurrence frequency of aerosol optical depth AOD 340 nm >1.0 was 55%,and the annual average attenuation rate of surface UV direct radiation of 340 nm was 68%.It was proven in the observation of surface UV radiation and model evaluation that annual average attenuation of UV due to atmosphere was 75%,and that reached 72% in the dry season (October,November,December and January);while average attenuation of UV due to atmospheric aerosols reached 62% in the dry season.It was indicated that very significant UV attenuations due to atmospheric aerosols existed in Guangzhou urban agglomeration,and at least half of UV radiation was attenuated due to atmospheric aerosols.Such large-amplitude attenuation will have a significant impact on urban ecosystem and species chemical cycles,especially photochemical reaction processes.     

改进动态密度模型在扇区容量评估的应用

针对我国空域容量评估的迫切需求,明晰了扇区容量的概念与评估关键,在深入分析空域动态密度的基础上,对管制意图参量进行分析,建立起改进的动态密度评估模型,并给出基于该模型评估扇区容量的方法。最后,通过原模型与改进模型评估扇区容量结果的对比,验证了基于新模型评估扇区容量的有效性和实用性。     

Fe团簇在Fe（110）表面上扩散和结构稳定性的分子动力学研究

采用嵌入原子势和分子动力学方法研究了Fe的小团簇（小于10个原子）在Fe（110）表面上的结构稳定性和扩散特性.计算结果表明体心立方结构的Fe表面,四原子和七原子团簇有较高的转变能和扩散势垒,说明这两种团簇比其他原子团簇更稳定和容易观测到.这两种团簇可能是薄膜生长过程中的临界晶核.研究了三聚体的旋转扩散和团簇扩散过程中二聚体剪切机制,发现二聚体扩散可能是Fe的小团簇在Fe（110）表面扩散的一种重要扩散方式.     

一种快速运动目标检测算法

运动目标检测是智能视觉监控系统的重要组成部分,其主要功能是检测监控场景中的运动目标,为高层运动分析提供必要的信息。文章提出一种快速运动目标检测算法,以帧差法和背景减法为基础,快速实现背景提取、背景更新、运动目标检测的功能。实验结果表明,该算法计算量小,检测目标完整,能够满足实时监控系统的要求。     

静风荷载下的大跨度斜拉桥稳定性分析

由于风荷载对斜拉桥的作用比较敏感,尤其是对于柔性大跨度斜拉桥。文章基于伯努利方程推导整个断面的3方向静风荷载原理,并采用内外增量双重迭代以及发散机理的数学描述给出静风稳定性计算过程;结合斜拉桥本身特性,分析了某跨江大跨度斜拉桥的横桥向风荷载和竖桥向风荷载的影响;使用大型有限元软件MIDAS/Civil建立桥梁模型,并进行成桥状态静风荷载下的特性分析,据此来评估该桥的静力抗风性能,为相关桥梁的抗风性能分析与设计提供依据。     

灰色模型在郑州市人口预测中的应用

采用灰色模型法,对郑州市2011—2025年人口发展趋势进行了预测.明确了郑州市未来人口发展趋势的特点,揭示了郑州市未来面临的主要人口问题,并据此提出了有针对性的对策建议,既可供相关部门进行人口与经济社会发展宏观规划时参考,也可为郑州市政府制定发展决策提供支持.     

超纯Cr17铁素体不锈钢热变形过程的动态回复行为

采用热力模拟试验机进行单道次压缩试验,旨在揭示超纯Cr17铁素体不锈钢在热变形过程中的动态回复行为.在变形速率为1 s-1,最大真应变为0.8的条件下研究了900~1 150℃范围内的热变形行为及组织演化规律.结果表明,单道次压缩得到的应力-应变曲线均呈动态回复型.变形温度越高,动态回复越快.当变形温度较低时,微观组织演化以晶界拱出和变形晶粒的形成为主要特征;当变形温度较高时,微观组织演化以大量亚晶界和亚晶的形成为主要特征.     

绩效管理推动公共图书馆新发展

阐述了绩效管理的含义,分析了实践中绩效管理需走出的几个误区,根据图书馆实行绩效管理的时代要求,说明了在新时代公共图书馆推行绩效管理的重大意义和重要作用。     

基于数学形态学的鞋楦特征曲线骨架的提取方法

利用数学形态学方法提取出特征曲线带的骨架,并将提取的特征曲线用于鞋楦模型的重建。先利用已标定相机拍摄多幅图像,将图像去噪、提取特征曲线骨架后,再重建出鞋楦的三维模型。实验结果表明,利用该方法重建的鞋楦模型达到了实际生产要求,且重建所需设备比较经济。