《吕氏春秋》援引《庄子》研究

《吕氏春秋》是先秦时期一部重要的文化典籍,融合兼采了多家思想,对《庄子》更表现出前所未有的重视和接收态度,多处以不同形式援引化用《庄子》入文,包括以点明出处的方式引用《庄子》语句,对庄子寓言本义予以继承、发展、改造,或者直接吸收其思想观点.引用后的庄子思想在一定程度上调和了其固有的偏激苛责,更符合《吕氏春秋》所持的抚民以静的政治追求.     

二阶矩阵代数上的保谱半径的可加映射

获得了二阶复矩阵代数M2(C)上保谱半径的当且仅当φ是同构、反同构、共轭同构或共轭反同构之一,从而补充完善了已知相应结果.     

朱载土育创立十二平均律的理论探析——试论朱载土育所构建的公理化体系

本文分析了明代科学家朱载土育创立十二平均律的理论结构，认为朱载土育所用的以河洛之学为理论依据，用勾股求弦为推演方法，统一解决律学所有疑难，从实验检验中找最终结论的公理化研究方法，在中国古代科学史中具有十分重要的意义和历史价值。这种义之以图理，验之以物事的研究方法有别于经学家们的繁琐考据，在整个中国古代科学技术尚处于经验积累、简单归纳占主导地位的历史时期，特立独行地深入到分析科学的领域。这表明人类文明的发展并没有截然的东、西方科学的划分，只要条件具备，东方的中国也同样可能诞生现代科学的萌芽     

Tax Evasion: Models with Self-Audit

Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer＇s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another static model with self-audit and investigate its properties.     

网带炉织针淬火工艺的研究

分析了工厂网带炉条件下淬火织针表面硬度不足的原因。通过理论研究和现场实验,获得了较佳的加热温度、网带速度、保护气氛等工艺参数,进而提高了织针表面硬度。改进的工艺已被成功地应用于实际生产中。     

伦克的技术伦理思想评介

汉斯·伦克(Hans Lenk,1935-),当代德国著名哲学家,被称为科技伦理的"集大成者"、"引起德国技术哲学的伦理转向"以及"最早注意到技术的责任和伦理问题"的哲学家.在科学技术伦理领域,伦克的突出贡献是对"责任"进行了分类1)划清了技术人员和科学工作者的内在责任与外在责任的界限,即区分了道德与伦理;2)区分了不同层次的各种责任类型如同通常把普遍的责任分为道德责任和法律责任一样,他把行为责任分为任务责任和角色责任;3)探讨了共同责任的分配问题;4)对机构责任和法人责任进行了分析;5)针对责任中的冲突问题拟定了十个基础性的优先原则;6)科学和技术伦理作为职业伦理的特例.     

杨氏模量测定及误差计算

杨氏模量的测定是大学物理实验中一个基本实验项目。本文简要介绍了杨氏模量的一种测定方法——伸长法，并给出了误差的计算方法。     

Quantitative Estimates of Outcrossing Rates in a Natural Population of Caldesia grandis （Alismataceae）

Outcrossing rate in a natural population of Caldesia grandis was estimated by the dominant random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) marker using 10 open-pollinated progeny arrays of 24 individuals. The multilocus outcrossing rate estimated based on all 25 RAPD loci was 0.872 ±0.033 and the single-locus outcrossing rate was 0.795 ±0.032. Multilocus estimates did not differ significantly from the single-locus estimates. The fixation index, F, in the progeny estimated from RAPD data was -0.142 ±0.000. The estimates of multilocus outcrossing rates (t_m) and single-locus outcrossing rates (t_s) obtained from MLDT clearly indicate that outcrossing is predominant in the open-pollinated C. grandis population. An empirical analysis suggests that 15 should be the minimum number of dominant marker loci necessary to achieve robust estimates of t_m.     

A FRAMEWORK FOR REAL-VALUED CIPHER SYSTEMS

Most cipher systems designed thus far are binary-valued or integer-valued cipher systems. Their security relies on the assumption that one-way functions exist. Though the existence of one-way functions has not been proved yet, most cryptographic researchers believe that one-way functions exist. In addition, many candidates for one-way functions have been proposed. Therefore, the key step for developing real-valued cipher systems is to define real one-way functions and to propose candidates for them. In this paper, based on computational complexity theory over the real field, we give two definitions of real one-way functions; one is for digital one-way functions and the other is for general one-way functions. Candidates for these two classes of one-way functions are also proposed. Moreover, we present two examples to demonstrate that the candidates for both digital one-way functions and general one-way functions can be applied to construct secure real-valued cipher systems.     

Downside Risk-Aversion Analysis for a Single-Stage Newsvendor Problem

We extend the classical newsvendor problem by introducing a downside risk constraint from the perspective of inventory control. At the beginning of a replenishment period the newsvendor will place an order, then he will review the inventory level at the end of the period. If the inventory level is positive then he will bear the holding cost and if the inventory level is negative then he will bear the backorder cost. The optimal order quantity has a simple form. We analyze the form of the optimal order quan-tity when we restrict that the probability that the cost level is larger than or equal to a fixed cost constant is less than a fixed value of probability. At last, we analyze the case that the fixed cost constant is equal to the expected cost.