温度、TS对奶牛废物厌氧发酵产气性能影响

为寻找奶牛废物厌氧发酵产气的最佳温度和TS(总固体),本文分别研究了奶牛废物TS为6%、8%和10%的浓度下,温度为30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃条件下厌氧发酵过程中的pH变化及产气量。结果表明,随着发酵时间的增长,不同TS值下,温度为30℃、35℃、50℃时,pH值由高变低再升高,当温度为40℃、45℃时,pH值则由高稍有降低,后趋于稳定;在温度一定条件下,不同TS值的奶牛废物随时间的产气趋势基本一致,且随着温度的增高,其达到最佳产气的时间越短。综合考虑产气率和能耗,温度为35℃、TS 8%为牛粪厌氧发酵产气的最佳条件。     

表油菜素内酯和6-BA对香石竹切花保鲜效应的影响

分别以水和STS处理为对照1和对照2,研究比较表油菜素内酯和6-BA对香石竹切花的保鲜效应.结果表明,两种生长调节物质处理效果优于水(对照1)和STS(对照2),两种生长调节物质处理中0.1mg/L表油菜素内酯处理的保鲜效果优于20mg/L 6-BA处理,它能明显增大花径,有效保持切花的水分平衡,有效延缓可溶性蛋白降解和还原糖质量分数的下降,并能有效地减少膜脂过氧化的伤害.试验中,表油菜素内酯处理的切花寿命比对照1延长6.61d,比对照2延长4.9d,比6-BA处理延长2.11d.     

7种木本植物油理化性质及其生物柴油脂肪酸组成的比较研究

通过对麻疯树、乌桕、毛叶山桐子、油茶、巴豆、蝴蝶果和东京桐7种产于西南地区木本植物种子油的理化性质及其制备的生物柴油脂肪酸组成进行比较研究,根据各国制定的生物柴油标准,筛选出蝴蝶果、油茶和东京桐也是生物柴油的理想原料植物.巴豆和毛叶山桐子可作为生产生物柴油的备选资源,通过优化反应条件,添加催化剂等方式达到优产的目的.     

基于变形协调的双重功率分流轮系均载特性

针对双重功率分流系统的载荷均匀分布问题,建立了该系统的拟静力学模型,并根据系统构成功率流闭环的特点,推导出了系统的扭转角变形协调条件.将该条件与系统的力矩平衡条件和弹性支撑条件联立,并运用当量啮合误差和等效啮合刚度理论,计算出了各齿轮副传递的扭矩,最终得到了系统的均载系数.文中还从静力学角度分析了各构件安装误差和制造误差对系统功率分流的影响.结果表明,这些误差对系统的均载特性共同起作用,单独减小某一种误差,并不能达到最好的均载效果.     

Application of High-Rate Up-Flow Biological Aerated Filter to Pretreatment for Large-Scale Waterworks

为克服氨氮和有机物对饮用水源的微污染,广州市某水厂首次采用了高速给水曝气生物滤池(HUBAF)生物预处理新工艺,处理规模为73.5万m3/d.工程投产稳定运行后,初期3个月原水氨氮和CODMn分别为0.44～2.22 mg/L和1.84～6.06 mg/L,预处理出水分别小于0.5 mg/L和2.0mg/L;原水的铁和锰最高达1.16 mg/L和0.22 mg/L,出厂水最高达0.05 mg/L和0.03 mg/L.HUBAF采用大颗粒轻质陶粒并结合流化床技术,对浑浊度的去除平均仅为2.5 NTU,生物滤池过滤水头损失稳定在1.0m以下.其冲洗方式为气水联合上、下冲洗,冲洗前后各滤池的过滤水头损失差不超过0.1m,为共用1套集中鼓风曝气系统创造了条件.与弹性填料接触氧化池和悬浮球流化池等已投入应用的生物预处理技术相比,HUBAF抗冲击负荷能力强,氨氮硝化率高,除铁除锰能力强.HUBAF-常规工艺生物强化集成技术对有机物的去除率与“臭氧-生物活性炭”给水深度净水工艺处于同一水平.     

AZ40镁合金的腐蚀图像识别及腐蚀行为分析

应用计算机图像识别技术研究了AZ40镁合金在模拟海水介质中的腐蚀行为。采用中值滤波、直方图均衡化方法对腐蚀图像进行预处理,通过数学形态学分析和小波分析提取了3个腐蚀图像特征参数：灰度分布方差、二值图像前景面积和能量特征参数用于全面、准确地描述镁合金的腐蚀行为。研究结果表明：腐蚀介质破坏镁合金表面自然氧化膜使腐蚀阻力减小;腐蚀由局部腐蚀开始快速扩展至全部区域;腐蚀产物堆积较慢,短时间不能为合金提供有效的保护,但随着较长时间的堆积则可增大腐蚀阻力,对合金产生一定的保护作用。     

Estimation of urbanization bias in observed surface temperature change in China from 1980 to 2009 using satellite land-use data

Since the 1980s,China has undergone rapid urbanization.Meanwhile,the climate has been warming substantially.In this paper,the urbanization effect on observed temperatures from 1980 to 2009 in China is estimated,based on analysis of urban land use from satellite observation.Urban land-use expansion(U) during 1980-2005 is applied as an urbanization index.According to these U values,stations are divided into three categories:(C1) intense urbanization around the stations;(C2) moderate urbanization around the stations;and(C3) minimal urbanization around the stations.Most C1 stations are in municipalities or provincial capitals,while C2 stations tend to be in prefecture-level cities.C3 stations are mostly in counties.The urban heat island(UHI) effect can be estimated if the urban effect on C3 is negligible.The warming of C1 or C2 relative to that of C3 represents their urbanization effects,assuming that the same larger-scale natural warming has affected each category.For C1,the local urbanization effect is 0.258°C/10 a over 1980-2009,accounting for 41% of the total warming;the trend at C2 is 0.099°C/10 a,or 21%.For all China,the urbanization effect is 0.09°C/10a,accounting for 20% of the total national warming.Winter urban warming is greater than in summer.The assumption of negligible urbanization effect on C3 is debatable,and so the true urbanization effect may equal or slightly exceed estimates.Further,the U index may have some uncertainties,for it is only one of the urbanization indices.However,it provides a new and direct estimation of environmental change,in contrast to indirect indices.     

Optimization criteria for the performance of heat and mass transfer in indirect evaporative cooling systems

The wide application of evaporative cooling techniques in which the optimization criteria form the theoretical basis for improving evaporative cooling performance is essential for energy conservation and emission reduction.Based on exergy analysis and the entransy dissipation-based thermal resistance method,this contribution aims to investigate the effects of flow and area distributions in the optimization of the performance of indirect evaporative cooling systems.We first establish the relationships of exergy efficiency,entransy dissipation-based thermal resistance and cooling capacity of a typical indirect cooling system.Using the prescribed inlet parameters,the heat and mass transfer coefficients and the circulating water mass flow rate,we then numerically validate that when the cooling capacity reaches a maximum,the entransy dissipation-based thermal resistance falls to a minimum while the exergy efficiency is not at an extreme value.The result shows that the entransy dissipation-based thermal resistance,not the exergy efficiency,characterizes the heat transfer performance of an evaporative cooling system,which provides a more suitable method for evaluating and analyzing the indirect cooling system.     

安徽沙溪式斑岩铜(金)矿床地质地球化学特征及成因分析

沙溪斑岩铜(金)矿床位于庐枞火山岩盆地西北外围,处于郯庐断裂带内部.矿体主要产于燕山期的石英闪长斑岩,次为黑云母石英闪长斑岩中.主要成矿期为岩浆期后热液期.蚀变分带自内向外:钠-更长石化带—硬石膏-黑云母-钾硅酸盐化带—钾硅酸盐青磐岩化叠加带—石英绢云母化带—青磐岩化带,主要工业矿体位于钾硅酸盐化带及其外侧.文章总结沙溪式斑岩铜(金)矿床地质地球化学特征,并对该类型铜(金)矿床的成因进行了探讨.     

资源型企业技术创新管理的复杂性及协同研究

着力挖掘资源型企业技术创新及其管理的复杂性来源及特点,以准确反映其创新本质和规律。基于系统研究的视角,运用协同理论确立了资源获取与控制能力、动态整合能力和创新实现能力作为支配役使资源型企业技术创新管理系统演化和发展的序参量,从而为使技术创新活动走向更高级的有序阶段,建立起科学有效的技术创新管理模式提供理论指导。