Abnormal kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism in cardiovascular diseases

Kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary path of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in most mammalian cells. The KP generates several bioactive catabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), xanthurenic acid (XA), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). Increased catabolite concentrations in serum are associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart disease, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as their risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging. The first catabolic step in KP is primarily controlled by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Following this first step, the KP has two major branches, one branch is mediated by kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU) and is responsible for the formation of 3-HK, 3-HAA, and quinolinic acid (QA); and another branch is controlled by kynurenine amino-transferase (KAT), which generates KA. Uncontrolled Trp catabolism has been demonstrated in distinct CVD, thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms by which regulates KP enzyme expression and activity is paramount. This review highlights the recent advances on the effect of KP enzyme expression and activity in different tissues on the pathological mechanisms of specific CVD, KP is an inflammatory sensor and modulator in the cardiovascular system, and KP catabolites act as the potential biomarkers for CVD initiation and progression. Moreover, the biochemical features of critical KP enzymes and principles of enzyme inhibitor development are briefly summarized, as well as the therapeutic potential of KP enzyme inhibitors against CVD is briefly discussed.     

并联式混合动力发动机神经网络法转矩预测与闭环控制

利用实际发动机的标定数据搭建了GT-Suite及Matlab/Simulink联合仿真模型，建立了基于进气和发动机状态参数的预测转矩反馈协同控制模块。对比了ANN法和现有发动机的标定脉谱插值预测（MAP）法2种方法下发动机稳态及瞬态转矩变化、升降挡等工况预测的结果误差，结果表明：稳态工况下MAP法较为可靠，低、中、高3种发动机转速下转矩预测波动小，误差比ANN法低1.31%、1.09%和1.52%；实际瞬态转矩跃变及阶跃工况下，ANN法较MAP法误差低5.62%和1.32%，升降挡工况下低1.93%和0.84%。     

基于灰色生灭过程的可修部件备件需求预测模型

可修部件的失效率和修复率在服役周期内呈现不确定性,基于确定型失效率和修复率建模的生灭过程,在解决可修部件备件预测问题存在一定局限。以区间灰数表征可修部件的失效率与修复率,构建灰色状态转移矩阵,建立基于灰色生灭过程可修部件备件需求预测模型,研究了基于灰色生灭过程的无记忆性和预测模型稳态解的存在条件,一定程度上揭示了失效率和修复率不确定背景下的可修系统备件需求规律。实际案例研究验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

面向智慧驾驶的道路基础设施功能设计

随着单车智能成本提高以及道路环境复杂性加大，智慧驾驶车辆的发展越来越依靠智慧道路基础设施的进步。目前国内外不同的道路工程建设项目对道路基础设施的智慧化均提出了各具特色的设计思路和功能模块，但是相关研究主要集中在单一的道路功能或特定技术上，尚未系统性地给出智慧道路基础设施的设计理论和应用体系。同时，智慧道路基础设施建设要求路旁设备、路面材料和外部感知设备等全方位朝着信息化、数字化和智能化方向发展。本研究在系统综述国内外智慧公路项目典型案例的基础上，提出了未来智慧道路设施的四大关键技术。     

基于改进空间划分的目标分群算法

针对战场目标分群中存在的类数未知和阈值选取欠缺有效方法的问题,提出一种基于改进空间划分的目标分群算法。首先,通过敌我及作战单位属性划分,约减分群目标数规模,降低计算量;其次,通过对空间距离划分进行改进,能够动态地优选阈值,有效解决类数未知的分群问题。通过引入划分独立性和逆χ²分布概率区间约束,消除计算冗余并提取出候选阈值,在此基础上选取最大的候选阈值作为最终分群阈值,可以有效滤除过程噪声与观测噪声干扰,提高分群准确率。仿真结果表明,该算法对战场环境下的多目标编队分群具有良好的有效性、稳健性和实时性。     

电工电子实习考核体系的研究与实践

科学、公正的实习考核方法对于调动学生积极性和提高实习教学质量有着重要的作用。文中针对广州大学实验中心电工电子实习的特点和基本要求,建立了一套电工电子实习学生成绩评价体系,并且利用层次分析法给评价体系的评价指标赋权。教学实践结果表明,该评价体系的采用有利于调动学生实习的主动性和积极性,有利于教师对实习效果的评价,有利于提高电工电子实习的教学质量。     

赵九章科学研究的系统性思想刍议

著名的"两弹一星"元勋赵九章是一位"领军型"的科学家。他不但是科学研究领域中的多面手,而且在在科技管理、科技攻关方面具有出色的能力。他系统性的科学研究思想今年看来仍没有过时,对今天的科技界仍颇具启发和借鉴意义。他的"任务带学科,学科促任务"的思想,他的教育与科研结合的思想,他立足生产实践的科研思想,以及"鸡爪变鸭掌"的系统性思想都是科学研究的宝贵精神财富。     

Mechanisms functional underlying the characteristics structural and of acupoints

Acupoints are particular areas on the surface of the body through which the Qi and blood of the Zang-fu organs and meridians flow. Acupoints can respond to stimuli and reflect syndromes. Research on the essential morphology of acupoints has two key focuses： anatomical structure and physiological func- tion. The structure is the material and anatomical basis for the function, while the function is the manifes- tation of the structure. The two factors not only have profound significance for our understanding of the essence of acupoints, but also have great value for clinical acupuncture and moxibustion practice. Based on the structural and functional characteristics of meridians under different physiological and pathological con- ditions, this paper illustrates the essence of acupoints and explores the rules and biological basis of the acu- point functions induced by acupuncture and moxibustion.     

浙江天台盆地下陈萤石矿床地质特征及 ESR 年代学

探讨浙江天台盆地下陈萤石矿床的矿床地质特征与成矿时代，为寻找成因类似的矿床提供理论依据。通过该矿床的野外地质特征和岩矿石显微镜下特征的研究，并利用热活化电子自旋共振测龄法对矿区内不同矿脉上与萤石共生的石英进行了测定，结果表明下陈萤石矿床为热液充填型脉状萤石矿床，成矿年龄平均为75．3±7．0 Ma，其成矿时代主要为晚白垩世。对浙江不同地区萤石矿床成矿时代的规律进行总结，显示浙江的萤石矿成矿时代呈现多期次性，在早白垩世早期、早白垩世晚期、晚白垩世均有成矿作用发生，主要集中在晚白垩世。     

Higher-order principal component pursuit via tensor approximation and convex optimization

Recovering the low-rank structure of data matrix from sparse errors arises in the principal component pursuit （PCP）. This paper exploits the higher-order generalization of matrix recovery, named higher-order principal component pursuit （HOPCP）, since it is critical in multi-way data analysis. Unlike the convexification （nuclear norm） for matrix rank function, the tensorial nuclear norm is stil an open problem. While existing preliminary works on the tensor completion field provide a viable way to indicate the low complexity estimate of tensor, therefore, the paper focuses on the low multi-linear rank tensor and adopt its convex relaxation to formulate the convex optimization model of HOPCP. The paper further propose two algorithms for HOPCP based on alternative minimization scheme： the augmented Lagrangian alternating direction method （ALADM） and its truncated higher-order singular value decomposition （ALADM-THOSVD） version. The former can obtain a high accuracy solution while the latter is more efficient to handle the computationally intractable problems. Experimental results on both synthetic data and real magnetic resonance imaging data show the applicability of our algorithms in high-dimensional tensor data processing.