西部沙漠化与沙尘风暴问题的探讨

根据我国西部地表植被向恶性循环方向发展，土地沙漠化面积迅速增长，沙尘风暴日趋频繁的具体情况，以生态系统科学为指导，采用多学科紧密合作方式，分析了中国西部沙漠化和沙尘风暴存在的主要问题，并进一步探讨了沙漠化和沙尘风暴形成的原因和对发展所造成的危害，因地制宜提出了相应的治理对策。     

氯化十六烷基三甲基季铵盐减阻流体试验

通过对不同工况下氯化十六烷基三甲基季铵盐（Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium,Chloride,CTAC)减阻流体在二维流道中减阻性能的测量，分析了温度，浓度，配比变化对流体减阻性能的影响，同时使用相位多普勒测速仪测量了流体的速度场，利用信号处理中的相关方法分析了运动结构，结果表明，减阻流体在主流速度方向上存在较低频率的周期运动，而在垂直方向上的运动则是随机的，减阻流体的各向异性强于非减阻流体。     

亚纯函数族正规性的进一步结果

20多年前，L.Zalcman证明了一个刻化平面域上全纯与亚纯函数族正规性的引理。多年来，许多作者改进了这个引理，并用这类引理在函数论及相关领域中证明了许多重要的结果。本文综述这类引理在近几年的发展和它们的惊人应用。     

Carbon isotopic records in paleosols over the Pliocene in Northern China: Implication on vegetation development and Tibetan uplift

Carbon isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate can be used to estimate the proportion of C₄ and C₃ plants. Here we present carbon isotopic data of carbonate in a red earth section at Xifeng, central Loess Plateau. Results show that C₄ vegetation increased in ∼4.4 Ma B.P., stabilized between 4.0 and 3.0 Ma B.P. The character and timing of C₄ expansion on the Loess Plateau are similar, but different with other localities, e.g. Pakistan and Africa, implying that regional climate changes were main factors driving the expansion of C₄ plants. This event is comparable in timing with increased aridity evidenced by Xifeng grain size and North Pacific eolian dust records. Therefore we argue that the Pliocene expansion of C₄ plants in northern China might have been caused by the increased aridity, which in turn might be related to rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

Palaeolake and palaeoenvironment between 42 and 18 kaBP in tengger desert, NW China

Comprehensive field investigations and laboratory analyses show that palaeolakes, including fresh- mesohaline water Megalake Tengger and other semi-con- nected, isolated water bodies, during late Pleistocene covered an area of more than 20000 km², which is more than half of the Tengger Desert in NW China. Stratigraphic correlation and chronological evidence indicate that before ca. 42000 aBP the area was more arid. The palaeolakes started to develop around 40000 uncal. ¹⁴C aBP but until 37000 ¹⁴C aBP their scope was limited. High water levels established from 35000 ¹⁴C aBP lasted until 22000 ¹⁴CaBP. Lake levels regressed between 22000 and 20000 ¹⁴C aBP but transgressed from 20000 to 18600 ¹⁴C aBP. Subsequently, water level declined further and the Megalake Tengger finally desiccated at around 18000 ¹⁴C aBP. Megalake Tengger possessed a fresh-mesohaline water property, implying that the regional precipitation increased significantly. During the period of Megalake Tengger, the climate was warmer-humid than present. The annual rainfall was 250 to 350 mm more than that of today and the temperature was 1.5 to 3.0℃ higher.     

Hierarchical surface fragments

A new compact level-of-detail representation, called hierarchical surface fragments, for geometric objects with highly complex shape is presented. The representation comprises a set of irregular unstructured sampled surface fragments, whose boundary is a circle viewed along its normal. An efficient algorithm to construct the representation is described. In depiction of the framework for visualization, a screen tile technique for acceleration of rendering is proposed. Since an approximate z-buffer algorithm is adopted to fast determine visibility of each rendering primitive, a new buffer, z-delta-buffer, is designed to facilitate solving the problems raised by the approximation and to improve the image fidelity. Finally, a solution is provided to integrate our rendering approach for hierarchical surface fragments with traditional polygon-based methods.     

Dynamic behavior of the He Ⅱ -He I phase transition under gravity

The phase transition of superfluid helium (He Ⅱ ) to normal fluid helium (He I ) is studied in this note. The He Ⅱ-He I interface is found to move upwards under finite heat current. The temperature tracks are measured by four high resolution temperature sensors (HRTs). And the shifting of the λ point temperature (phase transition temperature)along the cell is studied experimentally and theoretically.Under gravity, the shifting of the λ point temperature increases with the pressure. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical ones.``     

Effect of alkyl substitutions on self-assembly

The self-assemblies of 4-hexadecyloxybenzoic acid and 3,4,5-trihexadecyloxybenzoic acid have been studied by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The well-ordered assemblies with different arrangement have been investigated. The structural change is attributed to the different number of substituted alkyl chains on periphery.     

Reservoir characteristics and genesis of high-porosity and high-permeability reservoirs in Tarim Basin

Based on detailed studies, this paper proposesthat in the Tarim Basin, hydrocarbon reservoirs widespreadeither in vertical sequences or in plane and high-porosity andhigh-permeability reservoirs are developed all over the basin.However, obvious difference and heterogeneity exist amongdifferent kinds of reservoirs. The lithologic characteristics,reservoir space types and reservoir properties in variousstrata have been probed. The result indicates that althoughthe Paleozoic carbonates have been deeply buried for a longperiod, high-quality reservoirs with the porosity of up to 5%—8% (12% as the maximum) and the permeability of10×10^-3—100×10^-3 μm² (1000×10^-3 μm² as the maximum)can be found in certain areas. These include the area withthe development of reefs and carbonate beaches, the weath-ered-crust buried-hill belts that have undergone thelong-term exposure, weathering and leaching, the area withthe development of dolomitization, and those areas that haveexperienced the resolution of carbonic acid and organic acidgenerated by the maturity of the organic matter. Finally, thegenesis of the high-porosity and high-permeability reservoirsin deep-buried conditions (with the depth more than 3500 m)have been investigated thoroughly.     

我国第三系咸化湖相有机质组成及环境意义

针对中国新生代第三系广泛分布的咸化湖相盆地的成因及地球化学环境意义 ,比较系统地分析了中国新生界咸化湖相地层生油岩及原油中饱和烃、芳香烃等化合物的地球化学特征 .分析结果表明 :咸化湖地层中有机质的地球化学 (生物标志物组合 )特征 ,既不同于淡水湖相地层中的有机质 ,又与海相地层中的有机质存在明显的差别 .进一步讨论了造成这一现象的地球化学成因及其环境地球化学意义 ,并对其中部分生物标志物及稳定碳同位素组成特征的指相意义作了探讨 .通过生物标志物的组合特征和环境地球化学意义分析 ,初步认为中国新生代第三系咸化湖盆咸化湖泊的形成与海浸作用没有直接的联系 .