Ancient DNA sequences of rice from the low Yangtze reveal significant genotypic divergence

Rice (Oryza sativa) was first domesticated in the lower and middle Yangtze regions of China, and rice remains have been found in many Chinese archaeological sites. Until now, only phenotypic archeobotanical evidence, such as the spikelet bases of ancient grains, has been used to speculate on the domestication process and domestication rate of rice. In this study, we sequenced 4 genomic segments from rice remains in Tianluoshan, a site of the local Hemudu Neolithic culture in the low Yangtze and two other archaeological sites (~2400 and 1200 BC, respectively). We compared our sequences with those of the current domesticated and wild rice (O. rufipogon) populations. At least two genotypes were found in the remains from each site, suggesting a heterozygotic state of the rice seeds. One ancient genotype was not found in the current domesticated population and might have been lost. The rice remains belonged to the japonica group, and most if not all were japonica-type, suggesting that the remains might be at an early stage of indica-japonica divergence or an indica-japonica mixture. We also identified sequences with significant similarity to those from species of Sapindales, Zygophyllales, and Brassicales, which is consistent with the identification of other plant remains in the Tianluoshan site and the common rice field weeds such as mustards in southern China.     

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the processes of polluted source water treatment

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is currently considered to be one of the most important issues in drinking water field due to its formation of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts. This paper deals with DON concentrations in typical processes of a water treatment plant. The results show that very little DON is removed by these processes. Furthermore, biological activity in some processes can even increase DON concentration and decrease the ratio of dissolved organic carbon/DON, which may pose a risk to drinking water safety.     

文学双星间的“同侪压力”

英国文学史上同行之间的竞争——或者诗人之间的战斗——历史悠久场面壮观,为"同侪压力"所困,力争摆脱"影响的焦虑"的文学巨擘为数甚众。本文从影响性研究的历史出发,以索福克勒斯—欧里庇德斯模式为切入点,主要研究莎士比亚与琼生、理查德生与菲尔丁,这两对文学双星在"同行竞争"和"同侪压力"下褒贬相随真假变幻的互评,以及这种关系对他们创作的影响和产生的后果,最后分析了压力和竞争背后暗藏的对文学本体论的基本认识。     

草场单联户经营模式的交易费用分析——基于玛曲草场治理结构

玛曲草场生态地位重要，为解决草场的产权不清、责权不明，以及由此而产生的“公地悲剧”和负外部性等问题，改革开放后国家根据农地承包经验，逐步实行草场私有化到户经营，同时并存的还有牧户自组织经营的联户模式。针对近年来玛曲草场的利用情况，以及私有化到户的草场仍存在公共品问题，反而有加剧的趋势，以交易费用理论对涉及到初始产权配置问题的玛曲草场单户和联户经营模式进行分析。     

关于机电设备管理问题的分析

机电设备的安全管理是企业中最经常、最大量的安全管理活动,也是企业实现安全目标的基本保证,质量达标是安全生产的保障.因此,加强机电设备监管有着重要的意义.文章就目前机电设备安全管理存在的问题进行了分析.     

大型仪器教学功能的研究与探索

阐述了大型仪器教学功能的含义,分析了目前国内高校大型仪器用于本科教学的现状及存在的主要问题,结合同济大学化学实验教学中心的教学实践,从仪器的管理、维护、开放实验的教学内容及教学方式等几个方面探讨了拓展大型仪器教学功能所取得的效果。     

Study on Spinning and Properties of PLA Yarn

The essay recommends the various properties of polylactic-acid yarns in order to know them in a new step.Designing the process and spunning of the PLA yarn,analyzing the points of the processes.The PLA yarn is processed with different methods.The properties such as the strength and elongation,the frictional resistance are analyzed.The relationship between the strength and the twist factor was determined.So the basic properties of the PLA yarn is determined.Through the comparison of various parameters,a thorough understanding of the basic properties of PLA yarn,thereby determining the best PLA yarn production and use conditions,and for the PLA yarn production and provide technical support.     

由胆矾精制五水硫酸铜实验的教学思考

就该实验中如何以诱导思考的方式启发学生对实验操作必要性的认识,提高学生分析问题、解决问题以及实验设计能力的培养提出了自己的看法。对导致学生实验失败的几种情况进行了分析。     

利用蛋白质组学技术筛选与BIV基质蛋白MA相互作用蛋白

牛免疫缺陷病毒BIV的基质蛋白MA是由gag基因编码病毒结构蛋白之一,参与病毒运输包装等多种过程.通过蛋白质组学方法,寻找与MA有相互作用的宿主蛋白.通过原核表达MA-CBP融合蛋白,将其结合在几丁质上,并与细胞裂解物混合,纯化特异结合的细胞蛋白.利用双向电泳以及MALDI-TOF质谱分析,筛选到8个与MA具有相互作用的候选蛋白,功能涉及运输、氧化还原、热激反应等.进而克隆所鉴定蛋白之一的PRDX4,利用体外结合实验进一步证实其与BIV MA蛋白存在相互作用.初步建立利用蛋白质组学技术研究病毒与宿主相互作用实验方法,所得结果为了解慢病毒结构蛋白在病毒生活周期中功能提供了线索,有助于探索过氧化物酶家族蛋白在病毒感染过程中的作用及其分子机制.     

带电绝缘体静电放电引燃性新型实验

提出了一种新的实验技术评估绝缘体在接触分离过程中静电放电的点燃特性.首先,把不同数量的电荷荷电到材料的表面,通过实验校核所加电荷量是否足以使火花点燃实验探极发生点燃.其次,确定聚酰亚胺介质薄膜通过摩擦起电能否获得必需的表面电荷以引起点燃性刷形放电.通过把JCI场强计固定在实验介质薄膜背面10 mm处,测量该薄膜摩擦起电之前、起电期间、起电之后的表面电位,然后在充满易燃混合气体环境中观测其是否被点燃.