Character and OTU stability in five taxonomic groups

The character and OTU stability of classifications based on UPGMA clustering and maximum parsimony (MP) trees were compared for 5 datasets (families of angiosperms, families of orthopteroid insects, species of the fish genusIctalurus, genera of the salamander family Salamandridae, and genera of the frog family Myobatrachidae). Stability was investigated by taking different sized random subsamples of OTUs or characters, computing UPGMA clusters and an MP tree, and then comparing the resulting trees with those based on the entire dataset. Agreement was measured by two consensus indices, that of Colless, computed from strict consensus trees, and Stinebrickner's 0.5-consensus index. Tests of character stability generally showed a monotone decrease in agreement with the standard as smaller sets of characters are considered. The relative success of the two methods depended upon the dataset. Tests of OTU stability showed a monotone decrease in agreement for UPGMA as smaller sets of OTUs are considered. But for MP, agreement decreased and then increased again on the same scale. The apparent superiority of UPGMA relative to MP with respect to OTU stability depended upon the dataset. Considerations other than stability, such as computer efficiency or accuracy, will also determine the method of choice for classifications.     

固体酸SO4^2-/ZrO2-Al2O3催化合成乙腈的研究

合成了由乙酸与氨气合成乙腈的催化剂固体酸SO2-4/ZrO2-Al2O3,该催化剂具有催化效率高、选择性好、对环境无污染等特点,使乙腈产品产率由30%提高到85%,纯度提高到99.1%.     

完全wrpp半群的性质及特征

在深入研究完全rpp半群和C-wrpp半群的基础上,定义了局部C-wrpp半群和局部C-wrpp-E-半群,得到了完全wrpp半群的一些重要性质及特征,即在同余关系η下,完全wrpp半群S的商半群S/η是C-wrpp半群;S是完全wrpp半群当且仅当S是局部C-wrpp-E-半群.     

基于Java3D的太阳系仿真的原理与实现

提出一种基于Java3D平台的太阳系仿真的方法,此方法以递归的形式构造天体运行轨道的同时采用全场景的逆向运动补偿的方式跟踪定位某个天体.实验结果表明,此算法的视觉效果很好.     

分子动力学模拟研究CuZr大块非晶在过冷态的液态结构稳定性

采用分子动力学模拟的方法,研究了CuZr二元非晶在过冷态的结构变化,发现CuZr合金中五重对称性占据了液态结构的主导地位,随着温度的变化,CuZr合金的液态结构表现出很强的结构稳定性,这样的结构稳定性是与CuZr非晶强的非晶形成能力相对应的.     

模糊需求依赖价格的回购契约协调模型研究

运用可信理论分别建立了分散、集中决策和回购契约下的供应链协调模型,对3个模型分别进行求解．通过比较最优解,得到回购契约下能够使系统达到最优．并通过实例进行分析,结果表明：回购契约下供应链的整体利润相对于分散决策下提高了19．9％,实现了供应商和零售商的双赢,验证了模型的正确性．     

配电网静止同步补偿器无功检测方法的研究

无功检测方法是实现配电系统静止同步补偿器(DSTATCOM)功能的核心环节,研究论述了系统的发展状况,将DSTATCOM的工作原理从电路结构上进行了分析,并基于等值电路建立了其数学模型.在无功检测环节中,电网电压的同步信号通过相关算法来提取,可以有效地避免电网电压谐波分量对检测方法精度和准确性的影响.结果表明:采用的相关算法实现了无功功率的检测,测试结果与电力分析仪误差在4.2%左右,说明了新检测方法的正确性和准确性.     

Multitasking with neurotensin in the central nervous system

The 13-amino acid peptide neurotensin (NT) was discovered over 30 years ago and has been implicated in a wide variety of neurotransmitter and endocrine functions. This review focuses on four areas where there has been substantial recent progress in understanding NT signaling and several functions of the endogenous peptide. The first area concerns the functional activation of the high-affinity NT receptor, NTR-1, including the delineation of the NT binding pocket and receptor domains involved in functional coupling to intracellular signaling pathways. The development of NT receptor antagonists and the application of genetic and molecular genetic approaches have accelerated progress in understanding NT function in several areas, including the involvement of NT in antipsychotic drug actions, psychostimulant sensitization and the modulation of pain, and these are reviewed in that order. There is now substantial evidence indicating that NT is required for certain antipsychotic drug actions and that the peptide plays a key role in stress-induced analgesia.Received 18 March 2005; received after revision 9 May 2005; accepted 23 May 2005     

Copper and zinc dismetabolism in the mouse brain upon chronic cuprizone treatment

Recent reports describe successful treatment using copper chelation therapy in neurodegenerative animal models. However, the success claimed for chelation therapy in neurodegenerative diseases is still rather controversial. To acquire new information on copper metabolism/homeostasis, we utilized cuprizone, a very sensitive and selective copper-chelating agent with well-known neurotoxic properties, as a relevant chemical model in mice. Upon cuprizone treatment, mice developed a pronounced astrocytosis, with brain oedema and spongiosis characterised by vacuolisations of the neuropil predominantly in the white matter. In addition, cuprizone treatment severely altered copper and zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in all other tissues examined, with increasing metal ion concentrations particularly in the CNS. Concomitant with this increase in the Cu and Zn concentration in the brain, metallothionein-I and -II were also highly immunoreactive in astrocyte, consistent with the astrocytosis and demyelination observed in our and other laboratories.Received 23 February 2005; received after revision 3 May 2005; accepted 13 May 2005