The draft genome of the transgenic tropical fruit tree papaya (Carica papaya Linnaeus)

Papaya, a fruit crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, is known for its nutritional benefits and medicinal applications. Here we report a 3x draft genome sequence of 'SunUp' papaya, the first commercial virus-resistant transgenic fruit tree to be sequenced. The papaya genome is three times the size of the Arabidopsis genome, but contains fewer genes, including significantly fewer disease-resistance gene analogues. Comparison of the five sequenced genomes suggests a minimal angiosperm gene set of 13,311. A lack of recent genome duplication, atypical of other angiosperm genomes sequenced so far, may account for the smaller papaya gene number in most functional groups. Nonetheless, striking amplifications in gene number within particular functional groups suggest roles in the evolution of tree-like habit, deposition and remobilization of starch reserves, attraction of seed dispersal agents, and adaptation to tropical daylengths. Transgenesis at three locations is closely associated with chloroplast insertions into the nuclear genome, and with topoisomerase I recognition sites. Papaya offers numerous advantages as a system for fruit-tree functional genomics, and this draft genome sequence provides the foundation for revealing the basis of Carica's distinguishing morpho-physiological, medicinal and nutritional properties.     

外掠百叶板流场自持振荡数值模拟研究

外掠百叶板流动在工程中十分常见,由其引发的流场自持振荡现象能够导致流场压力持续波动,使周围结构承受持续作用的周期载荷,造成结构疲劳安全隐患。采用数值模拟方法,针对外掠百叶板流场自持振荡问题进行研究。计算结果表明：低马赫数条件下,外掠百叶板流场中产生的自持振荡现象属于纯流体动力学问题,其形成原因为流场剪切层振荡所引发的大尺度涡团的形成与迁移。同时,随之产生的压力振荡具有持续性及周期性。自持振荡频率是空间均匀的,而幅值在主流方向上呈先急剧增大后稳定,最后小幅减小的趋势。随着百叶板内侧的空腔体积不断增大,振荡频率变化较小,振荡幅值逐渐增大并在空腔体积达到一定值后保持稳定。     

钢管拱安装过程中的测量控制

钢管拱桥施工中，施工要点在于钢管拱肋的安装，且精度要求也较高。安装必须通过严格的多层次高精度控制测量来保证整体安装精度，以确保钢管拱的安装质量。     

粒子运动轨迹的计算机模拟

本文就物理学中常见的粒子动运轨迹的计算机模拟作了探索,从而开辟了计算机应用的新途径。     

微型计算机在物理实验中用作的新探索

本文就微型计算机在物理实验中用途做了有意义的探索和研究。从而为进一步开发微型计算机的硬件资料开辟了新途径。     

轻型井点排水法在沟槽开挖工程中的运用

该文通过某供水管道沟槽工程实例,结合工程的具体地质情况,介绍井点排水法在线性工程中的计算方法及计算过程、平面布置和施工方法等.     

Transiting circumbinary planets Kepler-34 b and Kepler-35 b

Most Sun-like stars in the Galaxy reside in gravitationally bound pairs of stars (binaries). Although long anticipated, the existence of a 'circumbinary planet' orbiting such a pair of normal stars was not definitively established until the discovery of the planet transiting (that is, passing in front of) Kepler-16. Questions remained, however, about the prevalence of circumbinary planets and their range of orbital and physical properties. Here we report two additional transiting circumbinary planets: Kepler-34 (AB)b and Kepler-35 (AB)b, referred to here as Kepler-34 b and Kepler-35 b, respectively. Each is a low-density gas-giant planet on an orbit closely aligned with that of its parent stars. Kepler-34 b orbits two Sun-like stars every 289?days, whereas Kepler-35 b orbits a pair of smaller stars (89% and 81% of the Sun's mass) every 131?days. The planets experience large multi-periodic variations in incident stellar radiation arising from the orbital motion of the stars. The observed rate of circumbinary planets in our sample implies that more than ～1% of close binary stars have giant planets in nearly coplanar orbits, yielding a Galactic population of at least several million.