Chemistry and meteorology, 1700–1825

In 1639–1640 Benedetto Castelli (1577–1643) wrote a treatise on the loadstone which is quite unlike any of its contemporaries. In it are the origins of the notion of elementary magnets sharing a common alignment, the idea that all materials are magnetic in different ways, and the first intimation of the conception of magnetic domains. Castelli did not publish his treatise. Nevertheless his work was noted during his life-time, and may have exerted an influence on the development of magnetic theory in the 17th century. The treatise was published in 1883. Since then, however, it has either been neglected or not appreciated. It deserves being rescued from the neglect of more than three centuries.     

The adoption of self-induction by telephony, 1886–1889

Through 1886 to 1889 understanding of the mechanism of telephone transmission was transformed from an electrostatic and traditional view to an electrodynamic one conforming with Maxwell's scheme. Observed at the level of commercial application this painful adjustment occurred via a sequence of controversies connected with self-induction—on techniques of telephony, on electrical measurement, on lightning conductors and on matters of professional ethics—in which the parts played by evidence, by theory, and by authority were strangely mixed. The well-known confrontation of O. Heaviside and W. H. Preece was at the centre of the debate. An open division between traditionalists and progressives amongst electrical engineers was provoked, and the effectiveness of mathematical theory as against pure pragmatism at the practical level had in the end to be conceded.     

CO-binding pigment (P-450) and other electron transport components in hepatoma bearing rats

Zusammenfassung Basierend auf früheren Eiweissuntersuchungen bezüglich einer endoplasmatisch-retikulären Elektronenstromkette ergibt sich: NADPH-Oxydase und Zytochrom-c-Reduktase sind in der normalen Rattenleber wie in der Hepatoma (Typ 7777) tragenden gleich, während die Ferricyanid-Reduktase und P-450 in der Leber der letzteren herabgesetzt waren.     

Changes in acetylcholine content of rat brain by toxic doses of di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate

Zusammenfassung Die Behandlung mit Phosphorsäure-Di-Isopropylester-Fluorid ergibt im Rattengehirn eine 100 prozentige Erhöhung des totalen ACh-Gehaltes. Der ACh-Anstieg in den Synaptosomen war nur gering.     

Isolation of canine gastrin

Zusammenfassung Die Isolierung von zwei Gastrinen aus der Magenschleimhaut von Hunden wird beschrieben.     

Influence of 2-methyl-2-(p-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthylphenoxy)propionic acid on the oxidation of cholesterol by rat liver mitochondria

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass bei männlichen Wistar-Ratten im 3-Wochen-Diätexperiment mit Zusatz von 0,3% 2-Methyl-2-(p-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-naphthylphenoxy)-Propionsäure (Su-13437) die Oxydation von 26-¹⁴C-Cholesterin zu¹⁴CO₂ durch Lebermitochondrien (bezogen auf mg/N) ähnlich wie bei den Kontrollen war. Bei den Versuchstieren war jedoch bei Abwesenheit von Cytosol im System die Oxydation durch Lebermitochondrien erhöht.

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Acknowledgment. This work was supported, in part, by a grant No. HE-03299 and a Research Career Award No. 4-K6-HE-0734 from the National Heart Institute, N.I.H. We are indebted to Dr. W. I.Taylor, CIBA Pharmaceutical Co., Summit, N.J., for the generous gift of Su-13,437.     

Protection by antioxidants against ozone toxicity in mice

Zusammenfassung 16 Antioxidantien wurden auf ihre Schutzwirkung gegen Ozontoxizität in Mäusen geprüft. AHQ, Primaquin und EMQ waren hochwirksam, BHA, NDGA und Ascarbinsäure mässig wirksam, und die übrigen zeigten keinen nennenswerten Effekt.

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We thank Dr. D.Coffin for his advice and for the gift of the exposure chambers. This work was supported by N.I.H. Grants No. C-6516 and No. FR-05526 (to the Children's Cancer Research Foundation, Inc.) and has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an MS thesis at the North Eastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (by L.Pagnotto).