页岩储层纳米孔隙流动模拟研究

页岩气作为一种重要的非常规天然气资源已受到普遍关注,但页岩储层主要发育纳米孔隙,而针对页岩气在
纳米孔喉中运移的研究还相对滞后,这严重制约了页岩气藏的高效开发。针对纳米尺度孔隙,考虑页岩气的吸附解
吸及吸附相表面扩散,自由气的黏性流、滑脱效应及Knudsen 扩散等运移机制,建立了页岩气单相流动数学模型,并开
展了流动模拟研究。模拟结果表明：对于以纳米孔隙为主的页岩基质,甲烷在孔隙壁面的附着及表面扩散、气体滑脱
及Knudsen 扩散等均将影响气体流动,造成表观渗透率显著高于Darcy 渗透率,且孔喉越细小,压力越低,表观渗透率
与Darcy 渗透率相差越大。通过分析各运移机制对页岩气流动的影响,有助于深入了解页岩气运移产出过程,从而指
导页岩气藏的有效、高效开发。     

山地城市道路长上坡路段交通噪声分布特性实测研究

为了得到山地城市道路长上坡路段汽车行驶噪声的幅值水平和影响因素,在重庆市主城的长大上坡路段上采集了汽车行驶噪声值,分析了车型、横向间距(距路缘线之间的距离)、坡长、驾驶行为等因素对噪声的影响。结果表明:夜间的交通噪声水平与日间相比并没有出现大幅度的衰减;汽车行驶噪声随着传播距离的增加而逐渐衰减,每增加5 m,噪声均值要衰减约3 d B左右,距离路侧5 m时,噪声值会降到重度污染的阈值以下;距路侧10 m时则会进一步降到中度污染水平以下;小轿车噪声均值要比公交车低10 d B;驾驶员有冲坡习惯时坡底第二个测试断面的噪声值会显著增加,驾驶员在到达坡顶之前也会再次加速冲坡,导致坡顶的噪声值显著增加;在大型车数量相当的情况下,路段的坡度值越高,噪声值越大。     

液体性质对气泡雾化液滴不稳定性的影响

为了改善气泡喷嘴雾化性能,利用基于液滴统计学的理想雾化理论模型研究了液体性质对气泡雾化液滴不稳定性的影响.同时,采用高速摄影技术分析了气泡喷嘴内部气液两相流动及喷口雾化状况,探究了雾化液滴产生不稳定现象的根本原因.实验结果表明,气泡喷嘴雾化本身具有不稳定性,且雾化下游场中不同粒径的液滴均表现出不稳定性.当喷嘴内部气液两相处于气泡流时,喷口处单个气泡的破裂可导致雾化下游场中液滴不稳定;当气液两相处于过渡流时,单个气泡、液体以及较长气柱交替流经喷口会造成气泡雾化液滴不稳定;当气液两相处于环状流时,液桥现象的存在致使雾化下游场液滴不稳定.增加牛顿流体的黏度或者降低非牛顿流体剪切变稀的强度能够有效降低雾化液滴的不稳定性.     

Reconstructing mean maximum temperatures of May-August from tree-ring maximum density in North Da Hinggan Mountains, China

Tree-ring samples from Dahurian Larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.) were collected at three sites in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains. Using samples measured by X-ray densitometry, measurements of tree-ring maximum latewood density chronologies of two sites were found to be significantly correlated with summer temperature. These two sites’ tree-ring series were combined to form a single standard regional chronology. This was used to reconstruct the May-August monthly mean maximum temperature for the period 1855-2008 AD, and it explained 39.5% of the total temperature variance. In the past 154 years, there were 4 cold periods (1874-1893, 1927-1948, 1951-1960 and 1992-2002) and 4 warm periods (1855-1873, 1894-1916, 1961-1991 and 2003-2008). The summer temperature rose more obviously than that of winter in this region. Having been validated by other temperature reconstructions from the surrounding area, the reconstruction could indicate the summer temperature changes of large-scale regions.     

Trend in the atmospheric heat source over the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau during recent decades: Comparison of observations and reanalysis data

The trend in the atmospheric heat source over the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau (CE-TP) is quantitatively estimated using historical observations at 71 meteorological stations, three reanalysis datasets from 1980-2008, and two satellite radiation datasets from 1984-2007. Results show that a weakening of sensible heat (SH) flux over the CE-TP continues. The most significant trend occurs in spring, induced mainly by decelerated surface wind speeds. The ground-air temperature difference shows a notable increasing trend over the last 5 years. Trends in net radiation flux of the atmospheric column over the CE-TP, evaluated by two satellite radiation datasets, are clearly different. Trends in the atmospheric heat source calculated by the three reanalysis datasets are not completely consistent, and even show opposite signals. Results from the two datasets both show a weakening of the heat source but the magnitude of one is significantly stronger, whereas an increase is indicated by the other data. Therefore, it is challenging to accurately calculate the trend in the atmospheric heat source over the CE-TP, particularly from the estimates of the reanalysis datasets.     

Thermal behavior of zirconia-dop ed mullite gel fibers

The zirconia-doped mullite gel fibers were prepared via a sol-gel method.The thermal behaviors of the gel fibers during pyrolysis were investigated by means of thermal gravitydifferential scanning calo...     

基于细胞自动机的断控岩溶过程数值模拟方法

断溶体作为一种特殊的碳酸盐岩储集体类型,其形成过程尚缺乏一种定量的模拟方法.根据断溶体地质研究认识,断控岩溶以断裂破碎带为核心发生溶蚀扩大,其溶蚀程度的差异受断裂分布、裂缝密度、地层岩性差异、大气淡水或底部热液接触时间等综合因素影响.提出一种基于细胞自动机模拟断控岩溶过程的方法,以走滑断裂形成的裂缝网络为初始条件,以一定酸浓度的大气水注入为边界条件,综合考虑地层岩性差异、裂缝发育密度、重力作用,建立了基于酸扩散、连通性和传导率共同控制的模拟规则,并最终形成由累积酸溶蚀定量表征溶蚀演化程度的模拟方法.通过塔河10区典型断溶体单元实例模拟,验证了该方法的可行性.     

基于山地环境的尾流分布特征的风洞试验

针对复杂山地环境开展缩尺模型风洞试验,研究气流越过山体后背风面尾流的分布特征.分析不同坡度下山体背风面平均风剖面以及脉动风速功率谱随测点位置的变化规律,研究山体的山顶加速效应和遮挡效应影响以及背风面涡旋发展情况.当背风面坡度为25°时,山顶出现加速效应,山体遮挡效应不明显,尾流中涡旋不充分;当背风面坡度为50°时,山体遮挡效应明显,尾流中涡旋发展充分.山体高度为H,其背风面至少1.7H(高度)×6H(长度)范围内存在涡旋并影响风场频域分布,且离山脚6H范围外遮挡效应仍未消失.比较了中美规范中关于山顶加速比的计算差异,结果表明规范计算值较风洞试验值偏大.     

Maturation of Osteoblast-Like Saos-2 on Hydroxyapatite Ceramics

Hydroxyapatite ceramics (.HA) has been proved to be excellent in biocompatibility and bioactivity.However, limited information is available concerning how HA ceramics affects the maturation of es-tcoblasts in molecular biological level /n v/tro. This study examines the mRNA expression and protein production of hone-related genes in estcoblast-like cell line(Saos-2) cultured on HA disks. Saos-2 cells are seeded onto the substrates and cultured for 18 days. Harvested cells are tested for the cell growth rate, expression of mRNAs for esteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase, and protein production of bone sialo-protein and esteocalcin. MTS assay shows that cell proliferates well on HA ceramic substrate. After 9d,bone sialoprotein and esteocalcin protein production in SAPS-2 increases more on HA surfaces than on control material. As bone sialoprotein and esteocalcin are the genes to be highly expressed at the late stage of estcoblast differentiation, this study reveals that after long time culture in HA, HA can induce Saos-2 maturation. The behavior of Saos-2 on HA surfaces revealed in this study provides valuable infor-mation for the understanding of the biocompatibility and bioactivity of HA ceramics.     

纳米改性氢氧化铝与包覆红磷协效阻燃尼龙66的研究

文中分别研究了纳米改性氢氧化铝 (CG-ATH)单独使用以及与包覆红磷协效阻燃尼龙66(PA66 )复合体系的阻燃性能和力学性能。将纳米CG-ATH和包覆红磷以不同比例添加到PA6-6中,制得复合材料。用氧指数法测定了复合体系的阻燃性能,此外还进行了拉伸和冲击性能测试。结果表明,包覆红磷与纳米CG-ATH具有一定的协同效应,当复合材料中PA66、包覆红磷和纳米CG-ATH的质量比为100∶13∶20时,该复合体系的氧指数为33,而只PA66和纳米CG-ATH的质量比为100∶40的 PA66复合体系的氧指数29.5,但是100g PA6 6中,只添加15g包覆红磷时,该复合体系的氧指数只有27,该协效阻燃体系的拉伸强度为79.3MPa,拉伸弹性模量为2182.3MPa,断裂伸长率为5.9% ,冲击强度为4.5kJ/m² 。因此,纳米改性氢氧化铝与包覆红磷的协同效应,实现了在无机阻燃剂添加量相对较少且保证 PA66本身力学性能的前提下,大幅度改善材料阻燃性能的要求。