Designing metallic glass matrix composites with high toughness and tensile ductility

The selection and design of modern high-performance structural engineering materials is driven by optimizing combinations of mechanical properties such as strength, ductility, toughness, elasticity and requirements for predictable and graceful (non-catastrophic) failure in service. Highly processable bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are a new class of engineering materials and have attracted significant technological interest. Although many BMGs exhibit high strength and show substantial fracture toughness, they lack ductility and fail in an apparently brittle manner in unconstrained loading geometries. For instance, some BMGs exhibit significant plastic deformation in compression or bending tests, but all exhibit negligible plasticity (<0.5% strain) in uniaxial tension. To overcome brittle failure in tension, BMG-matrix composites have been introduced. The inhomogeneous microstructure with isolated dendrites in a BMG matrix stabilizes the glass against the catastrophic failure associated with unlimited extension of a shear band and results in enhanced global plasticity and more graceful failure. Tensile strengths of approximately 1 GPa, tensile ductility of approximately 2-3 per cent, and an enhanced mode I fracture toughness of K(1C) approximately 40 MPa m(1/2) were reported. Building on this approach, we have developed 'designed composites' by matching fundamental mechanical and microstructural length scales. Here, we report titanium-zirconium-based BMG composites with room-temperature tensile ductility exceeding 10 per cent, yield strengths of 1.2-1.5 GPa, K(1C) up to approximately 170 MPa m(1/2), and fracture energies for crack propagation as high as G(1C) approximately 340 kJ m(-2). The K(1C) and G(1C) values equal or surpass those achievable in the toughest titanium or steel alloys, placing BMG composites among the toughest known materials.     

甜樱桃果实呼吸强度和营养成分变化规律研究

对红艳、那翁两种甜樱桃果实在成熟期间呼吸强度、单果重和主要营养成分的变化进行了测定分析。结果表明：成熟过程中呼吸强度呈逐渐降低的趋势；单果重、可溶性固形物、还原糖和有机酸含量随果实的成熟而增高，有机酸含量达到最大值后开始下降；Ｖｃ含量以转色期最高，成熟后降低；氨基酸和单宁的相对含量在幼果中最多，随着果实的成熟逐渐减少。相关分析表明：呼吸强度、单果重、还原糖含量与开花后天数有显著的相关性。     

喷射沉积成形合金及金属基复合材料力学性能

介绍了近年来北京科技大学在该领域的部分研究结果，重点介绍典型喷射沉积材料（Ｎｉ３Ａｌ金属间化合物为基的合金儿２６１８Ａｌ＋ＳｉＣ颗粒增强金属基复合材料）的显微组织和力学性能。     

基于熵权的模糊综合评判在高职实践性教学评分中的应用

科学地进行实践教学成绩的评判是提高实践教学质量的重要手段之一,它对激发学生的学习积极性,提高实践教学质量有着重要的作用.由于实践教学成绩评价内容的模糊性和评价范围的不确定性使得采用现有评价方法评价效果较差.模糊综合评估法是现代管理研究方法中评价模糊性对象的常用方法,通过构建综合评价指标体系和模糊矩阵,并采用熵权值法来确定各评价指标的权重,可以较为合理地解决评价中内容的模糊性和范围的不确定性问题从而提高评价的科学性和可操作性.     

磁场作用下壳聚糖希夫碱对铬离子的吸附性能

在合成壳聚糖希夫碱的基础上,为探讨磁场作用下壳聚糖(CTS)及其改性后的壳聚糖希夫碱(CSB)对Cr(Ⅵ) 的吸附特性,研究了磁场强度和磁场处理时间、Cr(Ⅵ)溶液酸度和初始质量浓度等因素对吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明:壳聚糖希夫碱比改性前的壳聚糖吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的性能强,其饱和吸附量由0.34mg/g提高到0.93mg/g;达到吸附饱和的时间由120min缩短到60min;磁场处理可进一步增强壳聚糖和壳聚糖希夫碱的吸附性能.     

基于提升方法的小波构造及早期故障特征提取

针对机械信号早期故障特征的提取问题，提出了一种根据故障特征波形的特点来构造相应小波的方法．该方法以提升方法为基础，通过对初始双正交滤波器组进行提升和对偶提升，来获得不同的提升算子和对偶提升算子，从而构造出具有理想特性的新小波．提取提升后小波分解的高频细节信号在每个信号工作周期中的模极大值，来确定信号发生微弱突变的时刻和位置．工程振动信号分析表明，同其他类型的小波相比，用提升方法构造的小波能更好地匹配机械信号故障特征波形，因此较理想地提取出了某炼油厂重催机组转子不平衡、轴系不对中和轻微碰摩的故障特征．     

电子冲击下类氢离子ls→np激发散射的微分截面

用已导出的电子与高离化态类氢离子ls→ns、np跃迁振幅在Coulomb-Born近似下的非分波公式,计算了电子冲击能量分别为1.1、2和5倍阈能,核电荷Z分别为2、6和50的类氢离子1s→2p、3p激发微分截面,详细地研究了强库仑场下各能区截面的角分布特征。     

汾河流域资源节约型高效生态农业模式研究

介绍了汾河流域在山西省农业中的重要地位和汾河流域农业面临的生态环境压力,根据汾河流域农业生态功能区与农业经济板块的对应关系．分析了不同生态功能区适宜的资源节约型高效生态农业模式的建立模式．提出了汾河流域应建立不同生态功能区资源节约型高效生态农业模式类型。     

基于TG-FTIR研究O2/CO2气氛下烟煤的燃烧特性

在热重分析仪上进行了烟煤在O2/N2及O2/CO2气氛下的燃烧反应试验,分析了煤粉粒度对O2/CO2燃烧的影响,确定了燃烧反应的特性参数并进行了动力学分析,同时利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对燃烧产物进行实时检测.结果表明,与O2/N2气氛下的燃烧相比,O2/CO2气氛煤粉燃烧速率降低,燃尽温度升高,燃尽时间延长,煤粉细化可使其燃烧特性得到改善;同时FTIR的谱图也显示,O2/CO2气氛下煤粉燃烧气体产物的释放情况与模拟空气气氛下燃烧时有明显不同.     

Synergistic effect between ceria and tungsten oxide on WO3–CeO2–TiO2 catalysts for NH3-SCR reaction

WO3–CeO2–TiO2 catalysts for NO (nitrogen monoxide) reduction by ammonia were prepared by a sol–gel method. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, Raman, NH3/NO adsorption and H2-TPR to investigate the relationships among the catalyst composition, structure, redox property, acidity and deNOx activity. WO3–CeO2–TiO2 catalysts show a high activity in a broad temperature range of 200–480 1C. The low-temperature activity of catalysts is sensitive to the catalyst composition especially under low-O2-content atmospheres. It may be related to the synergistic effect between CeOx and WOx in the catalysts. On one hand, the interaction between ceria and tungsten oxide promotes the activation of gaseous oxygen to compensate the lattice oxygen consumed in NH3-SCR (selective catalytic reduction) reaction at low temperatures. Meanwhile, the Br?nsted acid sites mainly arise from tungsten oxides, Lewis acid sites mainly arise from ceria. Both of the Br?nsted and Lewis acid sites facilitate the adsorption of NH3 on catalysts and improve the stability of the adsorbed ammonia species, which are beneficial to the NH3-SCR reaction.