硫酸生产中余热回收与节能

硫酸生产中余热回收利用及节能措施是衡量硫酸生产现代化水平的一个重要标志。余热回收利用的好，可降低生产成本，提高产品市场竞争力。介绍了硫酸生产过程中合理回收利用余热的方法及节能降耗的措施。     

化学实验教学亟待改进

实验能力为高等农业院校学生所必备。分析了高等农业院校化学实验教学中存在的问题，从实验内容、教学方法、学生发展、“诚信”意识的培养及实验考核方面提出了改进化学实验教学的基本思路。     

用CTOD描述高应变区疲劳裂纹扩展速率

本文针对压力容器接管部位高应变区的特点,试用一种双面开键形槽的三点弯曲试件模拟其特征,其中以弹塑性断裂参量CTOD(δ)作为控制该区内裂纹疲劳扩展的主要参量,并采用双引伸计法动态测量CTOD.试验结果表明:在循环载荷作用下,高应变区在亚临界裂纹扩展范围内,疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da)/(dN)在双对数坐标上与裂纹尖端的张开位移△CTOD(△δ)呈线性关系:△CTOD可以作为控制高应变区应力循环和应变循环条件下,疲劳裂纹扩展速率的力学参量,且与(da)/(dN)呈Paris定律的形式.     

高温冷却柴油机的燃油喷射特性和喷雾特性

目前,为了进一步提高车用涡轮增压柴油机的功率,而又不至于增大其散热器的尺寸,有利于车辆动力舱的布置,趋向于采用高温冷却发动机的气缸和燃烧室组件的技术。在高温冷却下,发动机的冷却水温度从80～90℃提高到120℃。这样可以减少冷却水所传走的热量,达到适当控制其冷却水散热器的尺寸的目的。 本文主要研究高温冷却柴油机在整机温度和环境温度提高之后,柴油机燃料密度和可压缩性的变化对燃油喷射和雾化特性的影响。     

直线滚动导轨考虑滑块体弹性变形时的刚度计算

本文应用赫兹（Hertz）弹性接触变形理论,以及有限元方法,分析了直线滚动导轨考虑滑块体弹性变形时的工作机理,即物理关系和几何关系,导出了承受垂直载荷时的刚度计算方法,并通过实验验证了本计算方法的有效性.     

Modeling Mixed Traffic Flow at Crosswalks in Micro-Simulations Using Cellular Automata

The cellular automata (CA) micro-simulation model was used to describe the behavior of the mixed traffic flows at crosswalks where the pedestrians compete with the vehicles to cross the roadway. The focus of this paper is the behavior of pedestrians and the influence of pedestrians’ behavior on the vehicle flow, pedestrian flows, and the vehicle waiting time. The proportion of pedestrians who do not obey traffic laws, the group effect, and expected waiting time of pedestrians, regarded as the most important pedestrian characteristics, are taken into consideration in the analysis. Simulation results show the ability of the micro-simulation to capture the most important features of mixed traffic flow.     

Water isotope variations in the snow pack and summer precipitation at July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China

This paper presents the stable isotope data of the snow pack and summer precipitation collected at the July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China and analyses their relationships with meteorologi- cal factors. On an event scale, there is no temperature effect on the δ 18O values in the summer pre- cipitation, whereas the amount effect is shown to be clear. By tracing the moisture transport history and comparing the precipitation with its isotopic composition, it is shown that this amount effect not only reflects the change in moisture trajectory, which is related to the monsoon activities, but is also associated with the cooling degree of vapor in the cloud, the evaporation of falling raindrops and the isotopic exchange between the falling drops and the atmospheric vapor. As very little precipitation occurs in winter, the snow pack profile mainly represents the precipitation in the other three seasons. There are low precipitation δ 18O ratios in summer and high ratios in spring and autumn. The Meteoric Water Line (MLW) for the summer precipitation is δ D = 7.6 δ 18O 13.3, which is similar to that at Delingha, located in the south rim of the Qilian Mountains. The MWL for the snow pack is δ D = 10.4 δ 18O 41.4, showing a large slope and intercept. The deuterium excess (d) of the snow pack is positively correlated with δ 18O, indicating that both d and δ 18O decrease from spring to summer and increase from early autumn to early spring. This then results in the high slope and intercept of the MWL. Sea- sonal fluctuations of d in the snow pack indicate the change of moisture source and trajectory. During spring and autumn, the moisture originates from continental recycling or rapid evaporation over rela- tively warm water bodies like Black, Caspian and Aral Seas when the dry westerly air masses pass over them, hence very high d values in precipitation are formed. During summer, the monsoon is responsi- ble for the low d values. This indicates that the monsoon can reach the western part of the Qilian Mountains.     

多速率混合系统的符号化可达性分析

针对目前还没有专门的数据结构处理多速率混合系统的符号化可达性问题，定义了多速率区域来表示和处理多速率自动机的无穷状态空间，从而把多速率混合系统的符号化可达性分析等价地转化成多速率区域上的3种操作，即并操作、变量重赋值操作和控制状态上的时间流逝操作．从理论上证明了多速率区域在这3种操作上的封闭性，同时定义了矩阵数据结构不同上限矩阵（DCM），并用其存储多速率区域，这样就得到了一种专门处理多速率混合系统符号化可达性分析的数据结构．理论上证得，DCM可以大大降低可达性分析算法的复杂度．     

Intrusion Detection Method for Program Vulnerability via Library Calls

Library function call sequence is the direct reflection of a program＇s behavior. The relationship between program vulnerability and library calls is analyzed, and an intrusion detection method via library calls is proposed, in which the short sequences of library call are used as signature profile. In this intrusion detection method, library interposition is used to hook library calls, and with the discussion of the features of the library call sequence in detail, an algorithm based on information-theory is applied to determine the appropriate length of the library call sequence. Experiments show good performance of our method against intrusions caused by the popular program vulnerabilities.     

Cu衬底上ZnO纳米结构及其光催化性能分析

采用两步电化学沉积法在Cu衬底上沉积得到ZnO纳米结构薄膜。用X-射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其结构及形貌进行表征,发现先在Cu衬底上沉积一层Zn致密膜,更有利于在其表面上得到附着力强、形貌较好的ZnO纳米结构膜。系统考察了沉积温度和沉积时间等工艺参数对ZnO纳米结构的影响。结果表明,沉积温度和沉积时间对晶体结构和形貌有显著影响,通过对工艺进行适宜控制可以得到结晶性良好的六方纤锌矿型ZnO纳米结构膜。以罗丹明B为目标有机污染物,分析了ZnO膜的光催化性能,表明所制备的ZnO膜可以作为光催化剂,其光催化效率可达到72.4%。