适应气候变化技术识别标准研究

 适应气候变化是现阶段应对气候变化行动的重要举措。适应气候变化技术的识别标准是编制适应气候变化清单的基础, 是适应气候变化方法学的重要组成部分。本研究通过对气候变化及其影响进行分析, 明确人类所面对的气候变化问题的内涵;结合适应技术定义, 确立适应气候变化技术核心识别标准是气候变化问题的针对性, 其关键在于将技术的适应方面与常规方面区分开来。另一方面, 对比分析适应技术与减缓技术, 明确有效区分技术的减缓效果与适应效果是适应气候变化技术识别的重要标准。依托识别标准, 不但可以对不同领域、不同地域已有的适应技术进行识别筛选, 也可为未来适应气候变化技术研发提供指导, 为适应气候变化技术体系构建奠定基础。     

Two new susceptibility loci for Kawasaki disease identified through genome-wide association analysis

To find new candidate loci predisposing individuals to Kawasaki disease, an acute vasculitis that affects children, we conducted a genome-wide association study in 622 individuals with Kawasaki disease (cases) and 1,107 controls in a Han Chinese population residing in Taiwan, with replication in an independent Han Chinese sample of 261 cases and 550 controls. We report two new loci, one at BLK (encoding B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase) and one at CD40, that are associated with Kawasaki disease at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Our findings may lead to a better understanding of the role of immune activation and inflammation in Kawasaki disease pathogenesis.     

Regulation of self-renewal and differentiation by the intestinal stem cell niche

The gastrointestinal epithelium is a highly organised tissue that is constantly being renewed. In order to maintain homeostasis, the balance between intestinal stem cell (ISC) self-renewal and differentiation must be carefully regulated. In this review, we describe how the intestinal stem cell niche provides a unique environment to regulate self-renewal and differentiation of ISCs. It has traditionally been believed that the mesenchymal myofibroblasts play an important role in the crosstalk between ISCs and the niche. However, recent evidence in Drosophila and in vertebrates suggests that epithelial cells also contribute to the niche. We discuss the multiple signalling pathways that are utilised to regulate stemness within the niche, including members of the Wnt, BMP and Hedgehog pathways, and how aberrations in these signals lead to disruption of the normal crypt–villus axis. Finally, we also discuss how CDX1 and inhibition of the Notch pathway are important in specifying enterocyte and goblet cell differentiation respectively.     

下垫面热状况对热带大气低频振荡影响的研究

本文利用一包含湿过程的简单热带大气滤波模式,通过引入辐合反馈机制和下垫面的蒸发效应对凝结潜热释放的贡献的物理过程,研究了下垫面热状况对热带大气季节内尺度低频振荡的作用过程。结果表明:下垫面性质特别是暖洋面的存在主要是减小低频振荡东传相速度和增大振幅,其中 Kelvin-Rossby 相互作用模在调制相速度和振幅的变化中起重要作用,因此,下垫面热状况是形成观测到的热带大气低频振荡局地特征的主要条件。     

关联规则算法的电信网络告警应用

为提高网络告警数据的处理效率,迅速找出故障根源,以保证整个电信网络的正常运行。针对告警数据的特点对传统的关联规则算法进行了相应的改进,提供了优先剪枝策略,避免了生成没有意义的频繁项集;k-1-项集通过连接操作生成k项集,避免了反复扫描数据库所带来的压力。结果表明,改进算法提高了挖掘效率,达到快速诊断网络故障的目的。     

辽河典型支流水生态功能三级区水生态系统健康评价

 在辽宁省辽河流域水生态功能三级区与河流水生态野外调查基础上,以辽河流域的清河、汎河两条典型一级支流为研究对象,采用主成分分析与相关性分析方法筛选水生态系统健康评价指标,构建了由总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、化学需氧量（COD_Cr）、五日生化需氧量（BOD₅）、溶解氧（DO）、藻类香农多样性指数（DAA）、底栖动物完整性指数（B-IBI）、鱼类完整性指数（F-IBI）、生境指数、水文指数10个指标构成的水生态系统健康综合评价指标体系,体现了河流水生态系统的物理完整性、化学完整性和生物完整性特征。研究结果表明,清河与汎河流域11个水生态功能三级区中,水生态健康等级1个（Ⅳ-5-4）,亚健康等级6个（Ⅳ-5-1、Ⅳ-5-2、Ⅳ-5-3、Ⅳ-5-9、Ⅳ-5-10、Ⅳ-5-11）,一般健康等级3个（Ⅳ-5-12、Ⅳ-5-13、Ⅳ-5-14）,较差健康等级1个（Ⅳ-5-8）。清河与汎河流域水生态系统总体健康状态从其上游河流源头至下游入辽河干流汇入口呈现逐渐恶化的空间分布特征,且与流域人类活动强度具有密切关系。     

三维帧间配准预测的V-PCC改进算法

针对视频点云压缩(video-based point cloud compression,V-PCC)把点云序列分解成2D的非规则图像块(patch)进行编码,破坏点云连续性,不利于后续帧间预测的问题,设计一种三维配准帧间预测结合V-PCC帧间预测的改进算法.首先,为了提高点云配准的有效性,设计一种基于运动一致性的二叉...     

圆柱与圆锥轴线正交时特殊点的探讨

本文讨论圆柱面与圆锥面轴线正交时，非转向线上相贯线的特殊，点的定位与两回转面主要参数之间的关系。     

Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia

Bacterial infection of the mammalian bloodstream can lead to overwhelming sepsis, a potentially fatal syndrome of irreversible cardiovascular collapse (shock) and critical organ failure. Cachectin, also known as tumour necrosis factor, is a macrophage-derived peptide hormone released in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and it has been implicated as a principal mediator of endotoxic shock, although its function in bacterial sepsis is not known. Anaesthetized baboons were passively immunized against endogenous cachectin and subsequently infused with an LD100 dose of live Escherichia coli. Control animals (not immunized against cachectin) developed hypotension followed by lethal renal and pulmonary failure. Neutralizing monoclonal anti-cachectin antibody fragments (F(ab')2) administered to baboons only one hour before bacterial challenge protected against shock, but did not prevent critical organ failure. Complete protection against shock, vital organ dysfunction, persistent stress hormone release and death was conferred by administration of antibodies 2 h before bacterial infusion. These results indicate that cachectin is a mediator of fatal bacteraemic shock, and suggest that antibodies against cachectin offer a potential therapy of life-threatening infection.     

Changes in the activities of protein kinase modulators in the cerebellum of mice due to ethanol,caffeine, or phenobarbital administration

Summary Decreased activities of both the inhibitory modulator of adenosine 35-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (A-PK) as well as the stimulatory modulator of guanosine 35-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (G-PK) from the mouse cerebellum were noted due to the administration of excessive doses of ethanol, caffeine, and phenobarbital for up to 28 days. The dose-dependence of the inhibition of A-PK or the stimulation of G-PK was observed as a function of the amount of protein kinase modulators in the cerebellum of mice receiving different doses of ethanol.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by a grant (RR 08119-06-PK modulator project) from NIH, USA. J.L. Williams, T. Floyd-Jones, C.F. Duggans, D.L. Boone, and S.O. Smith were prebaccalaureate trainees of MBS program. Authors thank Dr J.F. Kuo of Emory University for encouragement in this project.