Seasonal variation of global stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange

By Wei formula in pressure coordinate, the stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange (STME) is diagnosed globally for 44 years from 1958 to 2001 using the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis datasets. Regions of mass flux into the stratosphere are found over Indonesia, bay of Bangladesh and the mid-west coast of South Africa. Compensating mass outflow from the stratosphere appears mainly over mid-latitudes near large-scale troughs. Upward and downward transport of mass at the middle and high latitudes accompany with each other. Mass flux into troposphere is stronger in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Strong downward mass flux into the troposphere occurs in eastern Asia the whole year with nearly stable sites. Although the area of eastern Asia accounts for only 5.6% of that of the northern hemisphere (NH), its net mass exchange reaches 15.83% of that of the NH, which means that research on STME of eastern Asia is greatly important to that of the NH and even the global areas. Air across the tropopause enters more from stratosphere to troposphere than that from troposphere to stratosphere, which is possibly related with systematic bias of the assimilated datasets and with persistent rise of the tropopause height. Contributions of the mass exchange and the mass flux exchange in the NH and southern hemisphere (SH) on their latitudes increase from equator to pole, with larger contributions in the NH. Mass exchange and mass flux exchange per areas at high latitudes are larger than that at low latitudes, which means greater mass exchange efficiency at high latitudes.     

Method to Identify Similarity and Dissimilarity between Systems Engineering and Neighboring Disciplines

1IntroductionSystems Engineering(SE)has been widelyused in many fields worldwide since WWII.Despite beingin use for nearly70years,there islittle consensus onthe definitionandscope of SE,and it is very difficult to answer the question“What is SE?”exactly…     

解读“节约型政府”

建设节约型政府是当前我国政府改革的必然要求。节约型政府模式的选择有其必然性。节约型政府应是廉价政府、廉洁政府、透明政府和效益政府。应通过加强节约型政府的制度建设、在行为方面加强政府自身建设、在各级政府中牢固树立节约理念和成本意识等措施全力，打造节约型政府。     

注聚区油井防砂层堵塞原因与解堵措施

针对胜利油田注聚合物区块油井防砂层的堵塞问题,通过X射线衍射、显微观察、激光粒度和氧化铝色谱等分析手段,对注聚区油井防砂层注聚前后砂样的形态和表面物种组成进行分析;分析聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的降解机制,并进行解堵剂的优选.结果表明:造成防砂层堵塞的主要原因是聚丙烯酰胺在砂粒表面的聚集、吸附作用,此外还有地层中矿物质微粒的运移,以及聚合物、原油组分与地层微粒在防砂层共同的作用;优选出的AY-1型和AY-2型2种解堵剂对聚合物的降解效果良好.     

中高温热泵热水装置的研制与实验研究

基于生产过程中对中高温工艺热水的需要和采用常规工质的中低温热泵热水装置的不足,研制了一种采用新工质的中高温热泵热水装置.实验表明,生产温度为60～90,℃的热水时,其工作压力低于1.4,MPa,制热系数大于3.4.其采用常规部件构建工业化装置,为干燥、杀菌、漂烫、清洗、供暖等领域提供了一种较好的热水制取装置.     

浅析轮渡栈桥新型柔性轨道几何形位

介绍了轮渡栈桥新型柔性轨道几何形位名称术语及相关参数,阐述了柔性轨道几何形位的基本要素,分析了柔性轨道预留轨缝设置的问题。     

基于ATmega16散射光式浊度仪的设计

通过对浊度测量方法的分析,设计了基于ATmega16的散射光式浊度仪,并对散射光式浊度仪的水样池、发光电路和运放电路进行了较详细的描述。在水样池的设计中充分考虑了入射和散射光束在水样池壁的反射、散射和透射等影响因素;在发光电路的设计中采用了TL431A可调节精密基准电源并联稳压器;在运算放大电路的设计中采用2极放大,一级放大倍数为20倍,二级放大倍数为6.2倍。     

节点密度对优化Ad Hoc网络生存期的影响的研究

节点密度会限制拓扑控制策略对Ad Hoc网络生存期的有效优化范围.通过推导节点密度决定下的拓扑控制力的饱和状态趋向约束条件,阐述了节点密度与网络生存期的优化程度及拓扑控制性能分析之间的关系.通过实验仿真验证发现,在Ad Hoc网络中,通过平均度约束的拓扑控制确实可以延长网络生存期;而且,在节点密度的制约下,拓扑控制策略对网络生存期的优化将会达到饱和.     

基于非负矩阵分解与邻接谱的图像分类

提出了一种非负矩阵分解（non-negative matrix factorization,NMF）和邻接谱相结合的图像分类方法．该方法首先利用图像中的特征点构造邻接矩阵,然后使用邻接谱作为非负矩阵分解迭代规则的初始值,并将经过非负矩阵分解得到的基向量作为图像的分类样本,最后采用概率神经网络（probabilistic neural network,PNN）分类器对图像进行分类．模拟实验和真实实验的比较表明,该方法是可行和有效的,并且进一步提高了图像分类的准确率和稳定性．     

钐和钆与亚甲基双膦酸四异丙基酯及邻菲哕啉固体配合物的合成和表征

分别以氯化钐和氯化钆与亚甲基双膦酸四异丙基酯(L)和邻菲哕啉(phen)合成了四种固体稀土配合物SmL2Cl3(H2∶O)5(Ⅰ)、Gd2L3Cl6(H2O)6(Ⅱ)、Sm2L3(phen)2Cl6(H2O)10(Ⅲ)和Gd2L3(phen)2Cl6(H2O)4(Ⅳ).用元素分析、TG-DTA分析、红外光谱、1H与31P核磁共振谱和荧光光谱对配合物的组成、结构和光谱性质进行了表征.