Compensatory caspase activation in MPP+-induced cell death in dopaminergic neurons

Many have hypothesized that cell death in Parkinsons disease is via apoptosis and, specifically, by the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway. We tested this hypothesis using a mouse dopaminergic cell line of mesencephalic origin, MN9D, challenged with the Parkinsonism-causing neurotoxin MPP⁺ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion). Apoptosis was the main mode of cell death when the cells were subjected to MPP⁺ treatment under serum-free conditions for 24 h. Caspase-3 and caspase-9, however, were not activated, thus indicating the existence of alternate or compensatory cell death pathway(s) in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Using caspase inhibitors, we demonstrated that these pathways involve caspase-2, –8, –6 and –7. A time-course study indicated that activation of caspase-2 and –8 occurred upstream of caspase-6 and caspase-7. Upon MPP⁺ challenge, the apoptosis-inducing factor was translocated from the mitochondria into the MN9D cytosol and nucleus. These results suggest the existence of alternative apoptotic pathways in dopaminergic neurons.Received 20 September 2004; received after revision 5 November 2004; accepted 22 November 2004     

编译原理实践课程教学方法研究

探讨了开设《编译原理》实践课程的必要性,研究了《编译原理》实践课程的“实例-阶段-循环”教学方法,制定了相应的教学方案,并将其应用到实际的教学中。该项研究对高校更深入的教学改革和创新人才的培养具有一定的意义。     

Temperature dependence of surface enhanced Raman scattering on C<Subscript>70</Subscript>

The temperature dependence of surface enhanced Raman scattering of the C70 molecule is reported. The Raman scattering of C70 molecules adsorbed on the surface of a silver mirror was measured at different temperatures. The experimental results indicate that the relative intensities of the Raman features vary with the temperature of the sample. When the temperature decreases from room temperature to 0℃, the relative intensifies of certain Raman bands decrease abruptly. If we like the strongest band 1565cm^-1 as a standard value 100, the greatest decrease approaches to 43%. However, with the further decrease in the temperature these relative intensities increase and resume the value at room temperature. And such a temperature dependence is reversible. Our results show that the adsorption state of the C70 molecules on the silver surface around 0℃ changes greatly with the temperature, resulting in a decrease in relative intensities for some main Raman features of C70 molecule. When the temperature is lower than 0℃, the adsorption state changes continually and more slowly. Synchronously, eight new Raman features, which have not ever been reported in fiterature, are observed in our experiment and this enriches the basic information of the vibrational modes for C70 molecule.     

New paleomagnetic results from the Yangzhuang Formation of the Jixian System,North China,and tectonic implications

A paleomagnetic study was carried out on the Yangzhuang Formation （-1350 Ma） of the Jixian System in the North China Block （NCB）. Detailed stepwise thermal demagnetization isolated two components. The soft component （component A） was interpreted as a remagnetization in the recent geomagnetic field. The hard component （component B） with higher unblocking-temperatures was carried by hematite. Its site-mean direction is D/I = 77.6°/-24.3°κ= 5.4, α 95 = 18.3°, N = 15 sites） before, and D/I = 72.2°/11.5° （ κ=24.6, α95 = 7.9°） after tilt correction. It passes a fold test（Mesozoic folding） at 99% confidence level and reversal test at 95% confidence level. The corresponding pole locates at 17.3°N, 214.5°E （dp = 4.1°, dm= 8.0°）. A best fit of paleomagnetic poles from the NCB, Baltica, Siberia and the apparent polar wander path for Laurentia suggests a long-lived connection between these paleo-continents between -1800and 1350 Ma.     

金属薄膜与萃取复型电镜照片上测量球状第二相误差分析

本文通过理论和实验数据分析表明:在萃取复型和金属薄膜电镜照片上定量测量球状第二相的加权平均直径时,存在较大误差。文章同时给出了两种误差的大小和它们之间的关系。     

A Study on the Economic Dislocation in Dynamic input-Output Model

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水分胁迫下Ca~(2+)、PEG预处理对小麦幼苗硝酸还原酶活性的影响

本文通过Ca~(2+)、PEG预处理研究水分胁迫下小麦幼苗硝酸还原酶(NR)活性的变化。结果表明,Ca~(2+)、PEG处理可明显提高水分胁迫下小麦幼苗的NR活性,增强吸水、保水的能力,对植株生长的抑制减轻。     

PTES专家系统知识库的构造

本文大专家系统设计方法的指导下，通过对整理、知识表示、知示获取、知识库构造等环节的描述，介绍了一个植物分类专家系统知识库的构造方法     

关于拓扑Boole格的连续性

本文摒弃了拓扑 Boole 格连续性的传统定义,建立了新的连续性定义,从而使得拓扑空间连续性的基本理论可以推广到拓扑一般 Boole 格上.     

传感器的应用与开发方向

传感器已成为当今科学技术进步的代名词,它的广泛应用和发展,标志着一个国家科学技术进步的程度。文章着重从应用的角度,阐述了传感器的重要性以及未来的发展趋向。