Discovery of Jupiter's 'gossamer' ring

Jupiter's ring system has previously been described as being composed of a 'bright' narrow ring and an interior, vertically-extended halo. The one image which reveals this morphology most clearly is Voyager 2's parting shot of the Jupiter system, a wide-angle (WA) view of the ring ansa in forward-scattered light (FDS 20693.02). The bright ring is plainly visible, and the halo appears after slight contrast enhancement. By further enhancement of this image we have discovered an additional ring, which is far fainter than either of the (already faint) components previously identified, extending to a radius of 210,000 km.     

Juvenile hormone titre and regulation in the cockroachDiploptera punctata

Summary Titres of juvenile hormone (JH) have been determined in both hemolymph and whole body extracts of femaleDiploptera punctata during the first gonotrophic cycle using a method employing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for qualitative and quantitative analysis. JH III is the sole JH found in both adult and last instarD. punctata. Maximum values of 1500 ng/ml (6M) were observed at the middle of the gonotrophic cycle, when basal oocyte growth rate was greatest. Changes in rates of JH release in vitro by corpora allata paralleled closely the changes in JH titre, suggesting that biosynthesis is a major regulator of titre. JH levels per animal were calculated from observed JH titres, and at certain time points in the gonotrophic cycle JH levels obtained from analysis of whole bodies were significantly greater than those predicted from hemolymph titres. These results suggest the existence of a nonhemolymph JH pool inD. punctata. Decay in JH titre after allatectomy of 5 day females has also been studied. Following a rapid initial decline, the rate of decay slowed appreciably 4 h post-operation. Thus, use of a first-order rate constant to estimate half-life of JH significantly underestimated the longevity of the hormone. The apparent persistence of JH following allatectomy may be due to the existence of a nonhemolymph JH pool.     

A new semisynthetic ergot peptide alkaloid: DCN 203-922

Summary We report the synthesis, stereochemistry and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of DCN 203-922, a novel ergot alkaloid of the cyclol type, which contains in its peptide moiety the uncommon amino acid L-allo-isoleucine.Part of this paper was reported by this author at the Herbstversammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Bern, in October 1986.     

Inner ear of the coelacanth fish Latimeria has tetrapod affinities

Auditory reception in elasmobranchs, teleosts and amphibians may be mediated by various inner-ear sensory epithelia 1–3, including the basilar papilla, which seems to be the precursor of the cochlea in mammals. The origin of the basilar papilla remains a major unsolved problem for understanding the evolution of hearing in terrestrial vertebrates4–6. Study of living species indicates that the basilar papilla is a unique feature of tetrapods 6,7, but palaeonto-logical data indicate that this epithelium as well as a middle ear, is already present in crossopterygian fish 8–10. However, no basilar papilla has been found in the only living crossopterygian species, the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae 11. I have re-examined the inner ear of adult and embryonic Latimeria and find a membranous specialization which resembles in structure, position and innerva-tion pattern the basilar papilla of tetrapods, in particular amniotes. No epithelium comparable to the basilar papilla was found in lungfish. I suggest that the basilar papillae of Latimeria and tetrapods are homologous and evolved only once in their common ancestor.     

正交双向网格图及方向优先算法

目前建筑工程的工程量计算基本上采取的是“统筹法”和“公式法”,这两种方法对工程的概算、预算的精确度及工作效率都产生了那样或这样的问题。本文从建筑图的正向分析开始,进而讨论了工程量计算模型的定义,在定义基础上给出了轴线的方向函数以及方向优先算法和具体实现过程。     

提高西德MNPJ型毛圈圆纬机压针三角与舌针使用寿命的研究

本文通过西德MNPJ型毛圈圆纬机编织过程的受力分析和机械润滑试验,提出了提高三角和舌针使用寿命的途径;同时又对该机三角系统的材料进行了研究,提出了自制三角系统的看法。     

Protective effect of vitamins against trichothecene toxicity towardsSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Summary Several trichothecene mycotoxins were shown to inhibit the growth ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. This effect was most pronounced with the macrocyclic trichothecenes, especially verrucarin A. Much less growth inhibition was observed with T-2 toxin. Verrucarol, diacetoxyscirpenol, acetyl T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, T-2 tetraol and neosolaniol were inactive at a concentration of 75 g of toxin per disc. Incubation ofS. cerevisiae with verrucarin A together with vitamins resulted in a decrease in toxicity. Pyridoxine-HCl, Ca-pantothenate, thiamine-HCl and -tocopheryl acetate were amongst the most potent of the vitamins tested which reversed growth inhibition, overcoming the inhibitory potential of the toxins.9 December 1986The authors thank Dr J. Behrend, Makor Company, Israel, for a generous gift of verrucarin A and roridin A.     

成核剂Na_2CO_3对PET结晶行为的影响

本文对Na_2CO_3在PET中的成核作用及机理、对结晶体结构变化、结晶动力学进行了讨论,比较了不同条件下结晶的PET晶体结构的差异。Na_2CO_3使PET结晶完善性,结晶度,晶体有序度增大,结晶速度加快,晶核尺寸变小,其成核作用是以化学反应机理进行的,成核中心是COO~-Na~+。     

涂装车间漆雾过滤设备内流场数值模拟与设计优化

涂装车间在喷涂过程中会产生大量含有漆雾的喷涂废气,在处理喷涂废气之前需对其中的漆雾进行预过滤,在干式喷房中纸盒式漆雾过滤器由于更经济环保,越来越多地被投入使用。针对运行参数对过滤器过滤效率的影响,利用计算流体力学对折流板式纸盒过滤器的过滤效果进行了数值模拟研究,对过滤器的设计参数提出了优化建议。结果表明:设计参数对过滤器过滤效率的影响较大,过滤器对10 μm以下的漆雾颗粒过滤效率在10%~20%,过滤效率较低,对于10 μm以上的漆雾颗粒,过滤效率随粒径的增大而升高,对60 μm及以上的漆雾颗粒过滤效率达99%以上,部分大颗粒漆雾掉落至过滤器内,可实现漆雾储存;过滤器过滤效率随进口流速的增大而降低,随漆雾浓度的增大而升高,设备进出口压差随进口流速的增大而增大,但远低于喷房压阻限制。     

黏弹性基体中FG-CNTRCs圆柱壳热振动特性分析

建立了考虑碳纳米管（Carbon Nanotubes,CNTs）尺度效应的宏观功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料（Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Composites,FG-CNTRCs）圆柱壳自由振动特性的理论模型. 综合考虑CNTs的取向和尺度效应,基于Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka（EMT）方法和非局部理论建立了宏观CNTRCs的非局部EMT本构模型. 基于Kirchhoff-Love圆柱壳假设,采用Hamilton原理推导了热环境中visco-Pasternak基体中FG-CNTRCs圆柱壳的自由振动控制方程,利用Navier法得到两端简支圆柱壳的固有频率,并与文献中结果进行对比,验证了模型和方法的正确性. 分析了非局部参数、CNTs的体积分数和分布方式、圆柱壳的长厚比、环境温度以及地基参数等对简支FG-CNTRCs圆柱壳自由振动特性的影响. 研究发现,考虑CNTs的尺度效应后会降低FG-CNTRCs圆柱壳的抗弯刚度,环境温度对简支FG-X-CNTRCs圆柱壳固有频率虚部的影响随CNTs体积分数的增大而增大,且长厚比和地基的阻尼参数对虚部的影响有耦合作用.