Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

铸造速度和混合稀土对Al-23%Si合金组织和性能的影响

研究了半连续铸造过程中不同铸造速度及铈镧混合稀土对Al-23%Si合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当铸造速度从100 mm/min提高到250 mm/min时,Al-23%Si合金初晶硅的偏析现象得到有效改善,铸锭从内部到外部初晶硅的分布都较为均匀,初晶硅的平均尺寸从71.4μm下降到40.9μm,同时减轻了共晶硅的偏析.加入0.5%的铈镧混合稀土后,Al-23%Si合金的共晶组织产生了明显变化,稀土元素细化了合金的共晶组织,并使共晶硅相由层片状转变为短杆状.提高铸造速度和添加混合稀土可提高合金硬度和抗拉强度.     

国际上运动对人体骨骼影响的知识基础及研究热点

目的:探讨当前国际上运动对骨骼影响研究的知识基础及研究热点.方法:利用计算机检索Web of Science数据库中2010-2016年运动与骨骼相关文献4587篇,运用CitespaceⅢ可视化软件绘制共现图谱,分析研究国家机构分布、高被引文献及高频关键词.结果:美国、英国、澳大利亚是该研究领域的中坚力量;研究热点主要集中在不同运动干预对绝经妇女、发育期青少年儿童及老年人三类人群骨骼的影响;知识基础方向主要为骨骼功能适应性理论的实验与发展.结论:以客观数据和图谱为依据,透析运动对骨骼影响研究领域的知识基础和热点,为该领域的后续研究提供参考.     

潮白河燕郊段水体氮含量分布特征研究

水体富营养化是常见的水环境质量问题,而氮素浓度过高是引起水体富营养化的主要原因之一。通过现场调查与实验测试方法研究了潮白河燕郊段水体中氮含量的分布特征,对潮白河燕郊段水体环境质量进行单因子指数评价和内梅罗指数评价,以此作为潮白河生态环境研究基础数据。研究表明局部水体中总氮的含量略高且主要为有机氮;监测段内总氮和氨氮浓度整体呈上升趋势,总氮含量西岸高于东岸;大运河汇入水体对潮白河水体氮素含量存在一定影响。     

基于风廓线雷达的降水云分类方法在海南地区的应用

将风廓线雷达用于热带降水云体进行垂直探测,可以实时对热带地区降水云体进行较准确分类.通过对海口地区降水云系特征(2017年1月～12月)进行统计分析,提出一套基于风廓线雷达探测数据(回波强度、垂直速度和速度谱宽)的热带降水云体分类方法.以该方法为基础,结合天气雷达等观测资料,对2017年发生在海口地区的两次降水过程展开详细分析.结果表明:风廓线雷达具备较好体现降水云体垂直结构的能力,相比于天气雷达,风廓线雷达探测数据可以更精细地描述降水云系的变化趋势;相比于传统降水分类方案,采用以风廓线雷达探测数据为基础的分类方案可以提高对复杂降水类型识别的正确率;风廓线雷达可以更好地描述快速过境的高空微弱对流系统.     

Facile synthesis of flake-like dihydrate zinc oxalate particles

Monodispersed dihydrated zinc oxalate(ZnC_2O_4·2H_2O) particles with characteristic morphology were synthesized by aging a mixed solution of zinc nitrate(Zn(NO_3)_2) and sodium oxalate(Na_2C_2O_4) in the presence of a citrate ligand, with an average flat size of approximately 10–15 μm. The important parameters, including the solution pH values and the concentration of the zinc ions and citrate ligand, were investigated using a series of experiments. It is verified that the citrate ligand significantly affects the morphology of zinc oxalate particles, probably via its multiple roles of chelating, dispersing, and selective absorption. Thermodynamic equilibrium of the distribution of zinc species in an aqueous solution of Zn(Ⅱ)-citrate-oxalate-H_2O was estimated to explain the experimental results and to clarify the size and morphological evolution mechanism of the precipitated particles.     

动车组进站过程精准停车控制方法研究

通过分析高速动车组进站停车过程中制动力与速度之间的关系,构建动车组多质点动力学模型.由于制动停车后期产生空气制动力过程给系统带来延时影响,引入Smith预估器,采用基于RBF(Radial Basis Function)神经网络的PID控制策略与Smith预估器相结合,实现制动过程中对给定速度的跟踪控制.仿真分析表明:...     

土壤地下渗透系统处理污水的研究进展

土壤地下渗透系统,是一种自然生态净化与人工工艺相结合的污水净化技术.本文介绍了土壤地下渗透系统的净化原理以及发展历程,总结了土壤地下渗透系统中一些关键问题的最新研究进展,指出土壤地下渗透系统非常适合我国的国情,随着研究的不断深入,今后土壤地下渗透处理系统将会有更广阔的应用前景.     

厨房内吸油烟机射流气幕的参数化研究

针对带有射流气幕和整流板的家用吸油烟机,采用正交试验方法,分别研究了射流速度、射流角度、射流孔宽度、整流板面积和吸油烟机风量对吸油烟机性能及其厨房内环境的影响,最终获得了能够有效控制油烟和热空气逃逸的吸油烟机气幕设计参数。结果表明:吸油烟机风量对厨房内油烟浓度和温度有重要的影响,当吸油烟机风量为10.5m3/min、整流板面积为0.22m2、射流速度为1.5m/s、射流角度为-5°、射流孔宽度为4mm时,厨房内人体舒适度最佳。