Ti-Nb-Fe-Sn合金显微组织和力学性能的研究

研究了Ti-(22, 24, 26, 28)Nb-2Fe-4Sn合金的显微组织和力学性能。使用真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉制备合金铸锭,均匀化处理后对合金铸锭进行冷轧和固溶处理。使用X射线衍射仪和光学显微镜对其物相和微观组织进行分析。通过拉伸试验测定了合金的力学性能,使用扫描电子显微镜观察了拉伸样品断口形貌。结果表明,Ti-(22, 24, 26, 28)Nb-2Fe-4Sn合金具有单一β相。Nb的加入使合金的β相稳定性提高,合金的变形机制由孪晶变形转变为位错滑移变形,孪晶诱导塑性变形使得合金具有较高的伸长率。所有合金拉伸断口呈韧性断裂特征。Ti-26Nb-2Fe-4Sn合金的弹性模量为59 GPa,伸长率为19%,抗拉强度为621 MPa,具有良好的生物医学应用前景。     

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified multiple loci at which common variants modestly but reproducibly influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Established associations to common and rare variants explain only a small proportion of the heritability of T2D. As previously published analyses had limited power to identify variants with modest effects, we carried out meta-analysis of three T2D GWA scans comprising 10,128 individuals of European descent and approximately 2.2 million SNPs (directly genotyped and imputed), followed by replication testing in an independent sample with an effective sample size of up to 53,975. We detected at least six previously unknown loci with robust evidence for association, including the JAZF1 (P = 5.0 x 10(-14)), CDC123-CAMK1D (P = 1.2 x 10(-10)), TSPAN8-LGR5 (P = 1.1 x 10(-9)), THADA (P = 1.1 x 10(-9)), ADAMTS9 (P = 1.2 x 10(-8)) and NOTCH2 (P = 4.1 x 10(-8)) gene regions. Our results illustrate the value of large discovery and follow-up samples for gaining further insights into the inherited basis of T2D.     

基于智能虚拟环境的地铁站台仿真系统

实现了一个用于列车驾驶培训的地铁站台仿真系统.系统由一个可被感知的站台虚拟环境和虚拟乘客系统组成.站台环境由静态场景、动态场景两部分组成,可在用户控制下发生变化.虚拟乘客通过感知站台环境的变化做出行为判断与动作.乘客仿真模型采用分层结构,分别实现环境感知、决策、行为选择、动作实现与实时绘制.目前,该系统已用于地铁列车仿真器,成为培训司机站台操作的工具.     

基于Image Quilting算法的纹理合成

基于样图的纹理合成方法是继纹理映射、过程纹理合成方法后发展起来的纹理拼接技术,用于解决传统方法中出现的缝隙、扭曲、变形和参数调整等问题.Image Quilting算法是简单易行的接缝消除方法,采用Image Quilting算法合成纹理并生成Wang Tile集,继而拼接大图像.实验表明,Image Quilting算法能够较好地保持纹理特征的连续性,但在接缝处可能破坏纹元特征.     

Novel cued search strategy based on information gain for phased array radar

A search strategy based on the maximal information gain principle is presented for the cued search of phased array radars. First, the method for the determination of the cued search region, arrangement of beam positions, and the calculation of the prior probability distribution of each beam position is discussed. And then, two search algorithms based on information gain are proposed using Shannon entropy and Kullback-Leibler entropy, respectively. With the proposed strategy, the information gain of each beam position is predicted before the radar detection, and the observation is made in the beam position with the maximal information gain. Compared with the conventional method of sequential search and confirm search, simulation results show that the proposed search strategy can distinctly improve the search performance and save radar time resources with the same given detection probability.     

Efficient combination rule of Dezert-Smarandache theory

The Dezert-Smarandache theory （DSmT） is a useful method for dealing with uncertainty problems. It is more efficient in combining conflicting evidence. Therefore, it has been successfully applied in data fusion and object recognition. However, there exist shortcomings in its combination rule. An efficient combination rule is presented, that is, the evidence＇s conflicting probability is distributed to every proposition based on remaining the focal elements of conflict. Experiments show that the new combination rule improves the reliability and rationality of the combination results. Although evidences conflict another one highly, good combination results are also obtained.     

一种鲁棒的被动声目标识别方法

针对噪声环境下一些声目标识别技术性能严重下降的问题,提出了一种基于一阶补偿的径向基函数网络模型,并给出了该网络参数选择方法。实际应用表明,这种神经网络对噪声具有较强的鲁棒性,与传统的径向基函数网络相比,其识别性能等同于信噪比提高大约１０～１５ｄＢ。     

能量存储:基于全新原理的“纳米弹簧”

许多机械装置如钟表、玩具等都采用弹簧来驱动,其能量的存储与释放是通过弹簧内部原子间距的变化来实现的。但是这种原子间距的变化(即弹性变形)所能存储的体能量密度相对很低,如何提高能量的转换效率以及材料存储的能量密度是当前材料科学理论和实验研究共同关注的一个问题。本研究利用金属钨单晶纳米线在加载时独特的孪晶变形行为,提出了一个可以在纳米尺度下高效存储与释放机械能的新原理,并据此设计了相应的纳米装置——纳米弹簧。与块体弹簧不同,本文提出的纳米弹簧通过表面原子的重构来实现能量的存储与释放。进一步的计算还表明,由于金属钨孪晶界面的移动阻力非常小,金属钨纳米弹簧的能量转换效率可以达到98%;同时该纳米弹簧存储的体能量密度可以超过钟表发条的1600倍,并具有30%的应变以及3GPa的驱动应力。     

一种基于分形理论的语音分割新方法

语音是由混沌的自然音素组成的,而分形可以很好地为成混沌状态的自然音素建模．语音波形具有分形特征,将分形用于改善语音识别技术越来越受到重视．语音的特性决定了每一个音素展现其固有模式,因此相邻音素之间的分维值不同．通常求取语音波形的分维值轨迹可把人的发音分割成句子、词、甚至音素．实验证明,该方法在语音分割中取得了很好的效果．