Surface pollen assemblages of human-disturbed vegetation and their relationship with vegetation and climate in Northeast China

Pollen assemblages of 53 surface pollen samples from farmlands and wastelands in Northeast China were analyzed. Tree pollen percentages were usually higher than 30%, with Pinus (26.9%), Quercus (0.9%), Betula (0.9%) and Populus (0.7%) as the major types, and herb pollen percentages were usually higher than 50%, with weedy Poaceae (8.7%), Chenopodiaceae (7.1%), Artemisia (1.9%) and Compositae (3.5%) as the major taxa. Thus, the pollen assemblages were consistent with the regional vegetation compositions. However, there were differences in pollen assemblages among regions, especially among different geomorphological units. For example, in the mountains, there were more types of tree pollen and higher total percentages (average 42%) than in other areas, while cereal pollen percentages were lowest (11.2%). In the hills and high plains, herbs made up more than 60% of the pollens, with cereals (average 53.6%) the dominant type. In the low plains, pollen types were similar to those in the hills and high plains, but total pollen concentrations and the proportion of Concentricystes were much higher, while cereal pollen percentages were slightly lower (average 41.6%). Pollen assemblages in different land use types also differed. For example, in farmland, cereal pollen percentages were more than 40% and Chenopodiaceae was usually less than 2.5%, while in wasteland, weedy Poaceae was usually less than 10% and Chenopodiaceae was usually higher than 25%. Total pollen concentrations in farmland (average 3909 grains/g) were much lower than in wasteland (average 15074 grains/g). Redundancy analysis revealed that pollen assemblages were significantly negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (-0.73) and July mean temperature (-0.81) and significantly positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (0.48), indicating that pollen assemblages in the artificial or human-disturbed vegetation reflect regional climate well. Comparison of pollen assemblages in different areas of northern China showed that pollen concentrations reflect the intensities of human impact to some degree. For example, pollen concentrations decrease as human impacts increase in intensity. The cereal pollen proportions in farmland differed by area. In Northeast China, cereal pollen proportions were distinctly higher than in most other areas of northern China, suggesting differences in planting habits and climate.     

驻藏大臣有泰小议

光绪二十九年,藏事告急之际,有泰接任驻藏大臣一职。有泰受命之始,曾到许多部衙咨询藏事,大有世受国恩,立誓办好西藏事务之志。然而,当他到达成都后,接触到在川省的大批官员,其中有些是曾在西藏和在川边任满返回的官员,具体得知西藏危机的形势和进藏路途的艰辛生活,特别是川省官员对当时朝廷腐败、贿赂盛行颇多议论。继而,有泰的政治态度由立志报国逐渐转向颟顸误国。     

浅谈工程索赔的程序

随着工程招、投标制度及业主、监理、施工单位管理章程的进一步健全,索赔工作也逐步步入正规,只要我们充分理解施工图纸、技术规范及业主、监理、施工单位签订约合同协议和各项往来性文件,在索赔工作中做到有理、有据,将会让更多的索赔得以成功.     

泰州大桥施工营地太阳能利用综合效益分析

以泰州大桥北塔，北锚施工营地为对象，从粉尘、SO2排放以及能源消耗等方面，分析了太阳能利用对比于普通燃煤锅炉对环境的影响，发现太阳能利用能明显地改善营地的环境。     

The impact of warrants introduction: Sign effect or magnitude effect?

The data of warrants underlying stocks was selected for the sample period from August, 2005 to December, 2009. These data the authors collected did not include the announcement date of reform of non-tradable underlying shares, and was available from Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. The event study method is employed to test the magnitude effect based on the Wild bootstrap, which is performed on the abnormal return, the cumulative abnormal return, and the standardized cumulative abnormal return. Empirical results show no evidence of magnitude effect but sign effect after warrants introduction. The authors argue that this phenomenon is caused by the migration of radical agents from stock market to warrant market.     

制定我国节水法的必要性和可行性研究

节水法,顾名思义是为节约用水提供保障的法律,新中国成立以来,我国也进行了关于水资源保护的立法,对水资源的保护起到了必要的促进作用。但是,随着我国工业化进程的加快及一些不可预知的自然灾害,致使水资源紧缺状况加剧,现有法律制度在水资源保护方面已显得力不从心。为顺应我国全面建设节水型社会的内在要求,对建立节水法的必要性和可行性进行研究就显得十分必要。     

浓度对薄凹液层胶体悬浮液干燥花样形成的影响

研究了不同浓度下厚度较薄的凹液层胶体悬浮液干燥过程及花样, 利用照相机实时拍摄不同浓度下胶体悬浮液的干燥过程. 结果表明随着浓度的增加, 最终干燥花样圆环宽度增加, 而数目明显减少; 干燥过程分为5阶段, 其中包含两阶段马兰哥尼对流; 对流能够影响悬浮液内胶体颗粒的自组装和薄膜形貌, 第一阶段对流导致薄膜边缘厚、中心薄, 第二阶段对流伴随接触线的钉轧-滑移运动, 导致多重宽环花样形成.     

论卡瑞·丘吉尔的《九重天》中性别属性的不确定性

英国著名剧作家卡瑞·丘吉尔的《九重天》中性别压迫不但体现在女性被扭曲的个体上,甚至在克莱夫之子爱德华艰难的性别角色寻求中。本文以剧中人物爱德华在两幕剧中孜孜不倦地寻求性别身份为线,探讨剧作家丘吉尔运用人物性别身份的颠倒、错位与拼贴,以及重建母系神话等方式或行为,从而说明人类社会性别属性的不确定性。对此展开研究有助于读者认清当下非异性恋(包括同性恋)话语权的建构,以宽容姿态看待同性恋现象,并以团结友爱的精神为纲,实现社会和谐。     

定向井环空内岩屑运移机理的研究

运用实验观察方法,对定向井环空内岩屑的运移情况进行了研究和分析。从宏观上看,斜井环空内岩屑的运移状况有四种不同的流动物理模型,即:均称悬浮流动、非均称悬浮流动、移动床流动和固定床流动。在不同斜度的井眼中分别存在一个对应的临界流速.从微观上分析,岩屑床床面的岩屑颗粒承受液流的拖曳力和上举力、粒间离散力、重力和浮力的作用。对于极细的岩屑颗粒,还承受粒间粘结力。研究结果表明,环空倾角对岩屑运移有一定的影响。倾角越大,越不利于岩屑的运移。液流流速越大,岩屑的运移越快。     

大斜度井中岩屑床厚度模式的研究

岩屑床是大斜度钻井中的重要影响因素,为了控制岩屑床的形成厚度,保证安全钻进,建立了岩屑床厚度的理论计算模式和半经验模式,分析了影响岩屑床形成的各种因素。运用所建立的计算模式对油田丛式井斜度较大的6口井进行了计算。计算结果表明,半经验模式计算结果与理论模式计算结果基本相符。由计算结果推出了安全钻进时岩屑床的厚度极值为1.9cm.