灰色关联度在甜高粱材料筛选中的应用

对甘肃省兰州市榆中县中试基地种植的11种甜高粱材料进行试验,以筛选出适合在兰州榆中地区种植的甜高粱材料。采用灰色关联度对材料的茎干鲜重、生物产量、茎杆平均含糖量进行分析,同时参考株高、穗长、穗颈长、物候期等指标,选定适合榆中地区不同用途的甜高粱材料。灰色关联度分析结果:茎秆鲜重、生物产量、茎秆平均含糖量三个指标中,茎秆平均含糖量灰色关联度最大,对结果影响最大;灰色综合评判排序显示08-2、2043、09-1、雅津43号分别排列前4位。08-2、2043、09-1、雅津43号综合表现最好,适合兰州榆中地区种植,可用于饲料生产和生物质能源储备种植。     

Somatic histone H3 alterations in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and non-brainstem glioblastomas

To identify somatic mutations in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), we performed whole-genome sequencing of DNA from seven DIPGs and matched germline tissue and targeted sequencing of an additional 43 DIPGs and 36 non-brainstem pediatric glioblastomas (non-BS-PGs). We found that 78% of DIPGs and 22% of non-BS-PGs contained a mutation in H3F3A, encoding histone H3.3, or in the related HIST1H3B, encoding histone H3.1, that caused a p.Lys27Met amino acid substitution in each protein. An additional 14% of non-BS-PGs had somatic mutations in H3F3A causing a p.Gly34Arg alteration.     

企业网格与网格使能的业务转型研究

企业网格具有巨大的潜在商业价值,它受到了企业界和学术界的重视,但仍存在一系列技术和应用的问题。从企业网格应用的视角出发,界定了企业网格及相关的几个概念,介绍了企业网格的应用现状和存在的问题,最后提出一个网格使能的业务转型框架模型,该模型说明了企业网格对企业业务的影响。研究成果对学术界和企业CIO都有所帮助。     

基于模拟退火算法的风-光热打捆发电系统成本优化

以风-光热打捆发电系统为研究对象,完全消纳风电为研究背景,提出一种以互联系统单位发电成本最小为目标,系统正常运行为约束,模拟退火算法优化光热电站出力为手段的优化控制策略.仿真结果表明,在允许条件下,所提出的优化控制策略可以有效降低风-光热打捆发电系统的单位发电成本.     

单质对低碳钢A-TIG焊焊缝成形的影响

以Ti粉、Si粉和Te粉作为活性剂,研究了单质对低碳钢直流正接A-TIG焊焊缝成形的影响,分析了单质影响熔深的机理.在试验条件下,传统TIG焊的焊缝深宽比为0.24.添加三种活性剂后,焊缝表面都成形良好,Te粉使得焊缝余高增大.Ti粉和Te粉能显著增加熔深,Si粉对焊缝熔深影响则相对较小.Ti和Si粉能使熔宽收缩,而Te粉对熔宽几乎没有影响.在活性剂作用下,Ti粉的焊缝深宽比为0.43;而Te粉的为0.40,Si粉的只有0.35.Si粉、Ti粉、Te粉三者的焊缝熔深排序与其原子半径的大小顺序相同,焊缝熔深变化与单质原子半径大小关系密切.     

再生水处理工艺中混凝深度除磷研究

通过烧杯实验,考察了聚合氯化铝(PAC)、氯化铁(FeCl3)及聚合硫酸铁(PFS)对二级出水中磷的去除效果及其影响因素,并对混凝剂的经济性及选用标准进行了讨论.结果表明,PAC、FeCl3及PFS除磷最佳pH值范围分别为6~9、7~9和7~9.对于较低浓度含磷的二级出水,宜采用PFS除磷,可以在混凝剂投加量较低的条件下,获得较高的除磷率.欲使初始总磷质量浓度为1.735 mg/L的二级出水经混凝处理后,其出水总磷浓度达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中Ⅲ类水体的水质标准,PAC、FeCl3、PFS的最佳投药量分别为40、20、25 mg/L.     

让小学生全员有效参与科学课外创新实践活动

小学生参与科学课外创新实践活动,既是教育改革的需要,又是科学教学的重要组成.由于教育和社会的种种原因,目前小学科学课外实践活动都局限于少数和部分学生参与,这对全体学生科学素质的培养极为不利.我们要采用各种措施,促进全体学生有效参与科学课外创新实践活动,为国家的未来培养更多的创新人才.     

Spatial prisoner’s dilemma games with increasing size of the interaction neighborhood on regular lattices

We studied the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma game on a square lattice where the size of the interaction neighborhood is considered. Firstly, the effects of noise and the cost-to-benefit ratio on the maintenance of cooperation were investigated. The results indicate that the cooperation frequency depends on the noise and cost-to-benefit ratio: cooperation reaches a climax as noise increases, but it monotonously decreases and even vanishes with the ratio increasing. Furthermore, we investigated how the size of the interaction neighborhood affects the emergence of cooperation in detail. Our study demonstrates that cooperation is remarkably enhanced by an increase in the size of the interaction neighborhood. However, cooperation died out when the size of the interaction neighborhood became too large since the system was similar to the mean-field system. On this basis, a cluster-forming mechanism acting among cooperators was also explored, and it showed that the moderate range of the neighborhood size is beneficial for forming larger cooperative clusters. Finally, large-scale Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to visualize and interpret these phenomena explicitly.     

Pedigree transmission disequilibrium test for quantitative traits in farm animals

General pedigrees are very common in farm animals,and the recent availability of large panels of SNPs in domestic species has given new momentum to the search for the mutations underlying variation in quantitative traits.In this paper,we proposed a new transmission disequilibrium test approach,called the pedigree transmission disequilibrium test,which deals with general pedigrees and quantitative traits in farm animals.Compared with the existing pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) and general linear model-based method QTDT,our approach performed better with higher power and lower type I error,especially in scenarios where the quantitative trait locus (QTL) effect was small.We also investigated the application of our approach in selective genotyping design.Our simulation studies indicated that it was plausible to implement a selective genotyping strategy in the proposed pedigree transmission disequilibrium test.We found that our approach performed equally well or better when only some proportion of the individuals in the two tails were genotyped compared with its performance when all the individuals in the pedigree were genotyped.     

Biosorption and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in aqueous solution

Biosorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene by live and heat-killed Phanerochaete chrysosporium are investigated to elucidate the bio-dissipation mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in aqueous solution and its regulating factors.The effects of nutrient conditions(carbon source and nitrogen source concentrations),the co-existing Cu 2+,and repeated-batch feed of PAHs on the biosorption and biodegradation are systematically studied.The removal of PAHs by dead bodies of P.chrysosporium is attributed to biosorption only,and the respective partition coefficients of phenanthrene and pyrene are 4040 and 17500 L/kg.Both biosorption and biodegradation contribute to the dissipation of PAHs by live P.chrysosporium in water.After a 3-d incubation,the removal percentage via biosorption are 19.71% and 52.21% for phenanthrene and pyrene,respectively.With the increase of the incubation time(3 40 d),biodegradation gradually increases from 20.40% to 60.62% for phenanthrene,and from 15.55% to 49.21% for pyrene.Correspondingly,the stored-PAHs in the fungal bodies decrease.Under the carbon-rich and nitrogen-limit nutrient conditions,the removal efficiency and biodegradation of phenanthrene and pyrene are significantly promoted,i.e.99.55% and 92.77% for phenanthrene,and 99.47% and 83.97% for pyrene after a 60-d incubation.This phenomenon is ascribed to enhanced-biosorption due to the increase of fungal biomass under carbon-rich condition,and to stimulated-biodegradation under nitrogen-limit condition.For the repeated-batch feed of phenanthrene,the pollutant is continuously removed by live P.chrysosporium,and the contribution of biodegradation is enhanced with the repeated cycles.After 3 cycles,the biodegradation percentage is up to 90% with each cycle of a 6-d incubation.