基于严格解析谱的同轨双基SAR的CS成像算法

针对双基地合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)包络徙动的空变问题,提出一种同轨等速双基构形下基于几何关系公式方法推导出的严格解析双基频谱的线频调变标(chirp scaling, CS)成像算法,不同于波数域的成像算法,整个成像过程不需要进行插值运算,在频域聚焦实现快速成像。高精度的双基频谱使得其对基线的长短不再敏感,可以进行长基线情形下的数据处理。仿真实验验证了本文算法的有效性。     

基于状态依赖Riccati方程的复合控制导弹自动驾驶仪设计

针对直接侧向力与气动力复合控制拦截导弹的非线性控制问题,设计了基于状态依赖Riccati方程的自动驾驶仪。根据俯仰和偏航通道的非线性动力学模型,通过扩展线性化将其转化为具有状态依赖参数的类线性结构,并针对该类线性结构设计了基于状态依赖Riccati方程的加速度指令跟踪控制器。考虑到直接侧向力由脉冲发动机提供时具有离散特性,分析了实际控制量不能达到理想值时系统的非线性容限,给出闭环系统保持局部渐近稳定的充分条件。仿真实例验证了这种设计策略的有效性。     

Multi-target localization for bistatic MIMO radar in the presence of unknown mutual coupling

A decoupling-estimation signal parameters via rotarional invariance technique(ESPRIT) method is presented for multi-target localization with unknown mutual coupling in bistatic multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar.Two steps are carried out in this method.The decoupling operation between angle and mutual coupling estimates is realized by choosing the auxiliary elements on both sides of the transmit and receive uniform linear arrays(ULAs).Then the ESPRIT method is resilient against the unknown mutual coupling matrix(MCM) and can be directly utilized to estimate the direction of departure(DOD) and the direction of arrival(DOA).Moreover,the mutual coupling coefficient is estimated by finding the solution of the linear constrained optimization problem.The proposed method allows an efficient DOD and DOA estimates with automatic pairing.Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于多波位杂波的通道相位误差估计方法

雷达的通道误差会影响杂波抑制效果和参数估计性能。为解决此问题,提出了一种针对机载扫描模式雷达的通道相位误差估计方法。首先对不同接收通道的杂波数据进行干涉处理,然后结合扫描角来求解通道相位误差。为了减小系统噪声影响,提高估计精度,选取主杂波内独立同分布的距离单元作为估计样本。另外,对多个波位的杂波求平均进一步降低了估计误差。机载雷达实测数据处理结果表明,该方法可以较好地补偿通道相位误差,并且可以显著提高系统的目标定位能力。     

基于改进容积卡尔曼滤波的纯方位目标跟踪

为处理纯方位跟踪的非线性问题,提出了距离参数化均方根容积卡尔曼滤波,在消除距离信息不可测对跟踪影响的同时弱化了计算机有限字长截断效应所引入的误差。在假设目标的初始距离信息用多个参数化模型表示的基础上,对每个模型独立进行均方根容积卡尔曼滤波,并依据贝叶斯准则计算各滤波结果对应的概率,将概率和对应结果的加权融合作为最终滤波结果。实验仿真表明,该滤波虽略微提升了计算复杂度,但获得了更好的滤波精度和鲁棒性。     

关于经济发展与生物多样性保护的系统思考(上)——基于城、乡、野一体化发展的视角

本文从环境社会复合系统的角度,论述了经济发展与生物多样性保护的关系,讨论了社会环境系统的特点、其内部各子系统之间在界面上的交互作用关系、环境社会系统存续与演进的前提条件、与文明演替的关系,以及推进其可持续发展所需进行的工作。提出了经济发展"生态化、人性化和信息化",以及"城、乡、野"一体化发展的观点,讨论了处于双重文明演替中的中国经济发展方式转变方向、任务、判据及实现途径,并论述了有利于促进经济发展与生物多样性保护的体制机制。     

稳健二进前向网络的遗传训练方法

稳健二进前向网络是对逻辑知识的隐式表示和显式表示的有机统一,是性能优良的逻辑知识库、推理机和解释器,但目前还没有一种网络训练算法能够训练出稳健二进前向网络,针对这种情况,本文首先对稳健二进前向网络的神经元辅阈值范围进行了改进和有效描述,并在此基础上提出了一种对稳健二进前向网络进行有效训练的遗传训练方法。在这种训练方法中,网络参数采用三值编码方案,并运用相应的变异机制和有效的适应度函数,经这种方法训练出的网络具有结构最优、稳健性能最强和最易实现的特点。文章最后给出了实验的结果。     

证券投资决策的微分对策方法研究

在证券价格存在有界不确定性的假设下,研究了基于最差情况的最优证券投资决策问题。首先建立了证券投资决策的微分对策模型,然后,证明了该微分对策模型存在唯一的值函数,最后,根据微分对策理论得出了值函数所满足的偏微分方程。     

曲面薄壳有限元离散误差分析和修正方法研究

基于曲面薄壳几何/物理方程和有限元离散原理推导,揭示了壳单元离散方法特点、刚度矩阵误差产生机理和范数表示方法。以航空涡轮发动机测压探针为例,深入研究了利用协调平板壳单元、非协调平板壳单元、一次和二次实体退化壳单元等不同类型单元离散曲面薄壳时,应力计算误差影响因素及变化规律,综述了单元的适用条件。基于Boltzmann模型提出了应力计算结果修正通式,通过FORTRAN语言编程修正应力仿真结果和ANSYS二次开发语言APDL命令实现应力修正结果的读取和后处理,应力修正结果与理论解相对误差小于5%,满足曲面薄壳设计和稳定性分析应用要求。

Abstract：

Based on the geometric physical equations and deduction of discrete process of finite element for curved thin-walled structure,characteristics of shell elements for discretion and discrete error for element stiffness matrix were analyzed theoretically,and the norm expression of discrete error for element stiffness matrix was put forward.Then,as an illustration,a probe for detecting the pressure inside turboprops was meshed by curved thin-walled shell element,compatible flat shell element,incompatible flat shell element and 3D degenerated shell element,respectively,and the stress of the probe was numerically calculated by FEM.On the basis of solved results,the stress error was analyzed thoroughly,the influence factors on the error and the applying situations for different elements were determined.Finally,the general form of correctional function was put forward according to the Boltzmann model.The program developed with FORTRAN was used to correct the numerical results and the APDL commands inside ANSYS software were utilized to read and plot the correctional stress results.Through the correction,the discrete error can be reduced within 5% that satisfies the requirement of application for structural design and stability analysis.     

求解约束优化问题的动量粒子群算法

为解决约束优化问题,提出使用双可行域吸引子策略改进动量粒子群算法。该算法只需初始种群中有一个粒子位于可行域内,随着搜索过程的进行,整个种群自动进入可行域内搜索。一方面,在搜索过程早期,由于可行域内粒子少,所有粒子移向相同的吸引子,整个种群迅速进入可行域内。另一方面,随着进入可行域粒子的增多,由于每个粒子使用距本身最近的可行域吸引子,较好地维持了种种群的多样性,避免早熟现象的发生,使算法具有较好的寻优性能。与国际上当前解决约束优化问题的粒子群算法在4个标准约束优化函数上测试比较,实验结果表明本算法取得的最优值要优于其它粒子群算法。

Abstract：

The strategy that two good positions in feasible region worked as attractors was incorporated into momentum particle swarm optimization algorithm in order to resolve constrained optimization problems. The resulting algorithm only requires that one of the initial particles is in the feasible region, and then all particles in the swam automatically move into the feasible region. On the one hand, in the early iterations few particles appear in the feasible region and hence all particles move toward the same attractors, so the particles soon enter into the feasible region. On the other hand, as the number of particles in the feasible region increases, each particle adopts the most near attractor so that each particle has different attractor. Therefore, the algorithm maintains the diversity of the population, alleviates the premature, and hence achieves good performance. The algorithm is compared with other particle swarm optimization algorithms on four benchmark functions. The experimental results show that the solution of the algorithm is better than that of others.