关于经济发展与生物多样性保护的系统思考(上)——基于城、乡、野一体化发展的视角

本文从环境社会复合系统的角度,论述了经济发展与生物多样性保护的关系,讨论了社会环境系统的特点、其内部各子系统之间在界面上的交互作用关系、环境社会系统存续与演进的前提条件、与文明演替的关系,以及推进其可持续发展所需进行的工作。提出了经济发展"生态化、人性化和信息化",以及"城、乡、野"一体化发展的观点,讨论了处于双重文明演替中的中国经济发展方式转变方向、任务、判据及实现途径,并论述了有利于促进经济发展与生物多样性保护的体制机制。     

Dynamic pricing and compensation on heterogeneous sales forces

In this paper, we analyze the pricing decision and the compensation strategy of a firm that relies on a heterogeneous sales force to sell its product in two periods. The sales agents’ selling abilities are their private information and will determine the effectiveness of the agents’ selling efforts. We introduce three compensation contract strategies, i.e. pooling, semi-separating and separating that the firm can adopt in period one and by applying principle-agent theory, derive the optimal compensation contracts and optimal price for the firm in two periods in each strategy. Comparing these three contract strategies, we found that the optimal strategy for the firm depends on the discount factor. We show that the firm will surely offer separating contracts in period one for some small discount factor, and for some large discount factor pooling contract is certain to be provided in period one. However, semi-separating contracts may be considered for some mediate discount factor, and also may not appear for all discount factors in period one. Our analysis also reveals that the optimal price decreases with the discount factor when pooling contract is offered in period one and increases with the discount factor when separating contracts is offered in period one.     

闽东柳杉人工林密度效应模型研究

应用闽东地区柳杉人工林样地材料,探讨了密度效应二次模型,并对其进行生产弹性分析和边际产量分析,测定了柳杉人工林林分密度的生产弹性值和边际产量。     

技术转移协商谈判系统方法探讨

技术转移谈判一直困扰着参与技术转移的双方,针对这一问题本文借鉴并发展了现有的协商谈判方法,提出了适用于技术转移的协商谈判的系统方法,以引导双方在谈判中达到“共同盈得”的协议．     

基于卡尔曼滤波的二次型神经网络学习算法及收敛性分析

提出了二次型多层前馈神经网络的卡尔曼滤波学习算法,并证明了该算法的收敛性。与文献［２,３］中的学习算法和经典的误差反向传播学习算法相比,新的学习算法具有更快的学习速度、良好的泛化能力,并且对学习率有很好的鲁棒性,不容易陷入局部极小点。仿真实验结果表明了新算法的有效性。     

Target location with signal fitting and sub-aperture tracking for airborne multi-channel radar

The location of a moving target based on signal fitting and sub-aperture tracking from an airborne multi-channel radar is dealt with. The proposed approach is applied in two steps: first, the ambiguous slant-range velocity is derived with a modified single-snapshot multiple direction of arrival estimation method, and second, the unambiguous slant-range velocity is found using a track-based criterion. The prominent advantage of the proposed approach is that the unambiguous slant-range velocity can be very large. Besides, the first stage is carried out at the determinate range-Doppler test cell by azimuth searching for fitting best to the moving target signal, therefore, the location performance would not be sacrificed in order to suppress clutter and/or interference. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are validated with a set of airborne experimental data.     

Interior penalty bilinear IFE discontinuous Galerkin methods for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficient

<正> This paper applies bilinear immersed finite elements (IFEs) in the interior penalty discontinuousGalerkin (DG) methods for solving a second order elliptic equation with discontinuous coefficient.A discontinuous bilinear IFE space is constructed and applied to both the symmetric and nonsymmetricinterior penalty DG formulations.The new methods can solve an interface problem on a Cartesianmesh independent of the interface with local refinement at any locations needed even if the interfacehas a nontrivial geometry.Numerical examples are provided to show features of these methods.     

基于有限反馈的多用户MIMO系统下行调度算法研究

基于预编码技术的调度方案可以提高频谱效率和系统公平性,但较少考虑QoS需求的满足.提出了一种适用于有限反馈多用户MIMO系统的下行调度算法.根据预编码矩阵选择数据流,以最大化系统容量并降低同信道干扰.先后为主数据流和次数据流执行多用户调度,有效扩大了空间复用增益.仿真结果表明,该算法可以获得更高的频谱效率,并保证业务的QoS需求.     

微分方程数值解法在GM(1,1)建模中的应用

提出了建立GM(1,1)模型的新方法,认为应用微分方程数值解法估计GM(1,1)预测模型中的待辨参数a,b,建立灰微分方程的时间响应表达式,可以达到与[1]同样的拟合精度.对部分数列拟合精度有所改善,其滚动模型的拟合精度改善明显.表1,参6.     

黑龙江农田养分平衡和养分水平的动态变化

研究了黑龙江省１９４９￣１９９９年农田养分平衡盈亏的动态变化。指出氮素平衡一直是亏缺的,但进入９０年代,减亏速率很快,到目前氮素收支接近平衡,磷素平衡进入９０年代开始盈余,目前磷素平衡盈余已达４０％;而钾素平衡一直呈双比例亏缺。文章选择了两个典型村农田实际测定在１０年和１８年中土壤养分水平的变化,结果证实了农田养分平衡状况决定了农田养分的变化方向。文章还讨论了农田养分平衡盈余的调控对策。