人工水平冻结冻土帷幕强制解冻温度场数值分析

结合某车站北端头盾构到达人工水平冻结加固工程,运用数值计算软件ADINA建立了人工强制解冻模型,研究了水平冻土帷幕在人工强制解冻条件下温度场的分布规律,分别对强制解冻过程中热水循环温度、热水循环时间,以及解冻管间距的敏感性进行了分析。结果表明：提高循环热水温度、延长热水循环时间以及尽量利用原有水平冻结管的最短间距均能够缩短冻土帷幕人工强制解冻的完成时间,进而提出了盾构到达水平冻结冻土帷幕人工强制解冻施工技术参数指标。     

太行山猕猴掌骨和跖骨的不对称性

了解太行山猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度的不对称性.对掌骨(35例)和蹠骨(33例)的长度变量进行测量,SPSS13.0统计软件进行正态分布检验.结果表明:5根掌骨有明显的左侧方向不对称趋势,5根跖骨没有发现方向不对称.结果表明左侧掌骨有大于右侧掌骨的趋势,跖骨作为对照组有右侧大于左侧的优势,但没有达到统计学的差异水平.提示上肢骨...     

一种快速DSSS/QPSK信号检测方法

针对DSSS/QPSK扩频通信的非协作检测问题,研究提出了一种基于时域分析处理的检测方法,该方法基于DSSS/QPSK信号的基本特征,通过对接收到的信号在时域做简单的延迟相乘处理与自相关分析完成对信号的检测和实现对DSSS/QPSK扩频系统重要参数信息码周期的估计.计算机仿真模拟结果显示,文章所建议方法简单有效,可操作...     

北亚热带次生栎林碳通量及其影响因子研究

以位于江苏句容下蜀的长江三角洲森林生态站栎林为研究对象,采用涡度相关技术进行长期CO2通量观测,得到2007年12月至2008年11月间栎林净碳交换（NEE）的日变化过程：栎林从7:00左右开始吸收CO2, 10:00至14:00期间,对CO2的吸收一直维持在较大量,到17:30左右转化为碳排放。对于栎林NEE与光合有效辐射（PAR）及气温的响应关系分析表明：当光合有效辐射大于5 μmol/(m2·s)时,在不同季节NEE与PAR相关关系不同,NEE的月平均值与冠层月平均温度呈直线相关。     

低温-秋水仙素诱导甜瓜多倍体研究

以刚展开子叶的甜瓜植株为材料,采用低温-秋水仙素处理,植株全部成活,通过检测气孔-叶绿体的变化情况,选出4株定植于营养箱内,采收全部植株所结果实,保留种子并测量.采收期过后,用嫩芽叶尖为材料,对3株甜瓜进行染色体计数检测,检出1个四倍体.结果表明:低温-秋水仙素处理可以有效降低秋水仙素的毒害作用,提高植株成活率.植株后期,有由四倍体回复到二倍体的现象,说明在植株生长后期倍性稳定性有所改变.     

Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

Evidence for a spin-aligned neutron-proton paired phase from the level structure of (92)Pd

Shell structure and magic numbers in atomic nuclei were generally explained by pioneering work that introduced a strong spin-orbit interaction to the nuclear shell model potential. However, knowledge of nuclear forces and the mechanisms governing the structure of nuclei, in particular far from stability, is still incomplete. In nuclei with equal neutron and proton numbers (N = Z), enhanced correlations arise between neutrons and protons (two distinct types of fermions) that occupy orbitals with the same quantum numbers. Such correlations have been predicted to favour an unusual type of nuclear superfluidity, termed isoscalar neutron-proton pairing, in addition to normal isovector pairing. Despite many experimental efforts, these predictions have not been confirmed. Here we report the experimental observation of excited states in the N = Z = 46 nucleus (92)Pd. Gamma rays emitted following the (58)Ni((36)Ar,2n)(92)Pd fusion-evaporation reaction were identified using a combination of state-of-the-art high-resolution γ-ray, charged-particle and neutron detector systems. Our results reveal evidence for a spin-aligned, isoscalar neutron-proton coupling scheme, different from the previous prediction. We suggest that this coupling scheme replaces normal superfluidity (characterized by seniority coupling) in the ground and low-lying excited states of the heaviest N = Z nuclei. Such strong, isoscalar neutron-proton correlations would have a considerable impact on the nuclear level structure and possibly influence the dynamics of rapid proton capture in stellar nucleosynthesis.     

Gravity modes as a way to distinguish between hydrogen- and helium-burning red giant stars

Red giants are evolved stars that have exhausted the supply of hydrogen in their cores and instead burn hydrogen in a surrounding shell. Once a red giant is sufficiently evolved, the helium in the core also undergoes fusion. Outstanding issues in our understanding of red giants include uncertainties in the amount of mass lost at the surface before helium ignition and the amount of internal mixing from rotation and other processes. Progress is hampered by our inability to distinguish between red giants burning helium in the core and those still only burning hydrogen in a shell. Asteroseismology offers a way forward, being a powerful tool for probing the internal structures of stars using their natural oscillation frequencies. Here we report observations of gravity-mode period spacings in red giants that permit a distinction between evolutionary stages to be made. We use high-precision photometry obtained by the Kepler spacecraft over more than a year to measure oscillations in several hundred red giants. We find many stars whose dipole modes show sequences with approximately regular period spacings. These stars fall into two clear groups, allowing us to distinguish unambiguously between hydrogen-shell-burning stars (period spacing mostly ～ 50 seconds) and those that are also burning helium (period spacing ～ 100 to 300 seconds).     

The circadian molecular clock creates epidermal stem cell heterogeneity

Murine epidermal stem cells undergo alternate cycles of dormancy and activation, fuelling tissue renewal. However, only a subset of stem cells becomes active during each round of morphogenesis, indicating that stem cells coexist in heterogeneous responsive states. Using a circadian-clock reporter-mouse model, here we show that the dormant hair-follicle stem cell niche contains coexisting populations of cells at opposite phases of the clock, which are differentially predisposed to respond to homeostatic cues. The core clock protein Bmal1 modulates the expression of stem cell regulatory genes in an oscillatory manner, to create populations that are either predisposed, or less prone, to activation. Disrupting this clock equilibrium, through deletion of Bmal1 (also known as Arntl) or Per1/2, resulted in a progressive accumulation or depletion of dormant stem cells, respectively. Stem cell arrhythmia also led to premature epidermal ageing, and a reduction in the development of squamous tumours. Our results indicate that the circadian clock fine-tunes the temporal behaviour of epidermal stem cells, and that its perturbation affects homeostasis and the predisposition to tumorigenesis.     

Fault lubrication during earthquakes

The determination of rock friction at seismic slip rates (about 1?m?s(-1)) is of paramount importance in earthquake mechanics, as fault friction controls the stress drop, the mechanical work and the frictional heat generated during slip. Given the difficulty in determining friction by seismological methods, elucidating constraints are derived from experimental studies. Here we review a large set of published and unpublished experiments (～300) performed in rotary shear apparatus at slip rates of 0.1-2.6?m?s(-1). The experiments indicate a significant decrease in friction (of up to one order of magnitude), which we term fault lubrication, both for cohesive (silicate-built, quartz-built and carbonate-built) rocks and non-cohesive rocks (clay-rich, anhydrite, gypsum and dolomite gouges) typical of crustal seismogenic sources. The available mechanical work and the associated temperature rise in the slipping zone trigger a number of physicochemical processes (gelification, decarbonation and dehydration reactions, melting and so on) whose products are responsible for fault lubrication. The similarity between (1) experimental and natural fault products and (2) mechanical work measures resulting from these laboratory experiments and seismological estimates suggests that it is reasonable to extrapolate experimental data to conditions typical of earthquake nucleation depths (7-15?km). It seems that faults are lubricated during earthquakes, irrespective of the fault rock composition and of the specific weakening mechanism involved.