“三生空间”视角下乌鲁木齐市土地利用转型及生态环境效应分析

为探究如何优化乌鲁木齐市城镇化快速发展的资源配置方式,实现城市在“三生空间”视角下的可持续发展,本研究基于乌鲁木齐市1980—2020年（每10年一期,共5期）土地覆盖遥感影像数据,通过土地利用转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数、土地利用转型生态贡献率和InVEST模型估算生境质量等方法,定量分析了乌鲁木齐市土地利用功能转型及生态环境效应。结果表明：(1)乌鲁木齐市生态空间被持续压缩,生活空间持续增加,而生产空间则经历了先增加后减少的倒“V”型变化趋势。(2)乌鲁木齐市土地利用功能转型主要表现为草地生态空间与生产、生活空间之间的相互转化。(3)乌鲁木齐市生态环境质量指数持续下降,草地转变为其他生态空间是使乌鲁木齐市生态环境质量恶化的主要原因。(4)乌鲁木齐市的生境质量水平持续下降,草地、水域生态空间转化为其他生态空间是生境质量下降的主要原因。可见：土地利用转型会对生态环境质量产生巨大影响,研究结果可为乌鲁木齐市生态持续改善提供保障,同时还能为协调新疆土地资源的可持续利用和生态环境保护提供借鉴。     

基于FPGA的IP仿真验证平台

IP（集成电路知识产权芯核）的仿真和硬件验证是IP开发中不可缺少的环节．文中基于FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）开发了一个IP仿真验证平台,并使用PCI（外部设备互连）总线来测试IP．用户只要将自已设计的IP插入所开发的仿真验证平台,就可以方便地对IP进行测试．文中还对所设计的平台进行了软件仿真,以验证其功能,并在载有Xilinx Spartan-3 600E FPGA的PCI插卡上进行上板调试．结果表明,所建立的基于FPGA的IP仿真验证平台可以对IP进行有效的仿真和验证,并具有良好的稳定性和实用价值．     

嵌入式系统中USB Host功能的开发

采用自下向上的设计流程,在没有嵌入式操作系统支持的条件下,自主设计和实现了嵌入式USB Host功能．以ISP1362驱动USB海量存储类设备为例,描述了嵌入式USB Host系统的框架结构和底层驱动的设计方法．实验结果表明,遵从海量存储类子协议的USB设备,都能够被系统驱动,而且数据传输速度优于PC机驱动方式．     

An efficient algorithm to generate candidates in discovering frequent episodes

0 IntroductionData mining is widely used in many research fieldssuch as decision supporting systems[1], bio-informationanalysis[2]and knowledge engineering[3-5]. Most data col-lected from scientific experiments or telecommunicationnetworks have inherent sequential nature inthemand canthus be abstractly viewed as a sequence of events . Onebasic problemin miningsuchevent sequencesis discoveryof recurrent combinations of events , which are calledepisodes. Once frequent episodes are discovered,rul…     

基于GIS、GPS、GSM的救护车智能管理系统研究

文章提出了一种救护车智能管理系统。该系统基于GIS、GPS、GSM技术,它能在发生紧急事故时,提供救护车到达出事地点,再从出事地点到达最近医院的最佳路径,该系统能够使救护车始终处于监控之下。我们通过设计有效的数据结构和算法来实现系统的上述功能。     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

A partial robust optimization approach to inventory management for the offline-to-online problem under different selling prices

This study examines an optimal inventory strategy when a retailer markets a product at different selling prices through a dual-channel supply chain, comprising an online channel and an offline channel. Using the operating pattern of the offline-to-online (O2O) business model, we develop a partial robust optimization (PRO) model. Then, we provide a closed-form solution when only the mean and standard deviation of the online channel demand distribution is known and the offline channel demand follows a uniform distribution (partial robust). Specifically, owing to the good structural properties of the solution, we obtain a heuristic ordering formula for the general distribution case (i.e., the offline channel demand follows a general distribution). In addition, a series of numerical experiments prove the rationality of our conjecture. Moreover, after comparing our solution with other possible policies, we conclude that the PRO approach improves the performance of incorporating the internet into an existing supply chain and, thus, is able to adjust the level of conservativeness of the solution. Finally, in a degenerated situation, we compare our PRO approach with a combination of information approach. The results show that the PRO approach has more “robust” performance. As a result, a reasonable trade-off between robustness and performance is achieved.