热处理对以Al2O3为绝缘层的并五苯薄膜晶体管性能的影响

采用阳极氧化法制备了Al_2O_3绝缘材料,并制备了以Al_2O_3为绝缘层的并五苯薄膜晶体管器件(OTFT)。Al_2O_3绝缘层经过10 min 350℃氢热处理后,OTFT迁移率比未经氢热处理的增大近20倍,且阈值电压降到了-7 V。Al_2O_3膜MIS结构电容—电压(C–V)特性的平带电压平移量数据表明,Al_2O_3膜经过热处理后,并五苯半导体与Al_2O_3绝缘体界面处以及绝缘体内缺陷态密度显著地降低,Al_2O_3绝缘层和并五苯半导体层之间的接触得到改善,这使得经热处理Al_2O_3膜的OTFT器件性能得到显著的改善。     

Glucose sensing by POMC neurons regulates glucose homeostasis and is impaired in obesity

A subset of neurons in the brain, known as 'glucose-excited' neurons, depolarize and increase their firing rate in response to increases in extracellular glucose. Similar to insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells, glucose excitation of neurons is driven by ATP-mediated closure of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels. Although beta-cell-like glucose sensing in neurons is well established, its physiological relevance and contribution to disease states such as type 2 diabetes remain unknown. To address these issues, we disrupted glucose sensing in glucose-excited pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons via transgenic expression of a mutant Kir6.2 subunit (encoded by the Kcnj11 gene) that prevents ATP-mediated closure of K(ATP) channels. Here we show that this genetic manipulation impaired the whole-body response to a systemic glucose load, demonstrating a role for glucose sensing by POMC neurons in the overall physiological control of blood glucose. We also found that glucose sensing by POMC neurons became defective in obese mice on a high-fat diet, suggesting that loss of glucose sensing by neurons has a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. The mechanism for obesity-induced loss of glucose sensing in POMC neurons involves uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a mitochondrial protein that impairs glucose-stimulated ATP production. UCP2 negatively regulates glucose sensing in POMC neurons. We found that genetic deletion of Ucp2 prevents obesity-induced loss of glucose sensing, and that acute pharmacological inhibition of UCP2 reverses loss of glucose sensing. We conclude that obesity-induced, UCP2-mediated loss of glucose sensing in glucose-excited neurons might have a pathogenic role in the development of type 2 diabetes.     

Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array

The effect of quantum statistics in quantum gases and liquids results in observable collective properties among many-particle systems. One prime example is Bose-Einstein condensation, whose onset in a quantum liquid leads to phenomena such as superfluidity and superconductivity. A Bose-Einstein condensate is generally defined as a macroscopic occupation of a single-particle quantum state, a phenomenon technically referred to as off-diagonal long-range order due to non-vanishing off-diagonal components of the single-particle density matrix. The wavefunction of the condensate is an order parameter whose phase is essential in characterizing the coherence and superfluid phenomena. The long-range spatial coherence leads to the existence of phase-locked multiple condensates in an array of superfluid helium, superconducting Josephson junctions or atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Under certain circumstances, a quantum phase difference of pi is predicted to develop among weakly coupled Josephson junctions. Such a meta-stable pi-state was discovered in a weak link of superfluid 3He, which is characterized by a 'p-wave' order parameter. The possible existence of such a pi-state in weakly coupled atomic Bose-Einstein condensates has also been proposed, but remains undiscovered. Here we report the observation of spontaneous build-up of in-phase ('zero-state') and antiphase ('pi-state') 'superfluid' states in a solid-state system; an array of exciton-polariton condensates connected by weak periodic potential barriers within a semiconductor microcavity. These in-phase and antiphase states reflect the band structure of the one-dimensional polariton array and the dynamic characteristics of metastable exciton-polariton condensates.     

Structural definition of a conserved neutralization epitope on HIV-1 gp120

The remarkable diversity, glycosylation and conformational flexibility of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env), including substantial rearrangement of the gp120 glycoprotein upon binding the CD4 receptor, allow it to evade antibody-mediated neutralization. Despite this complexity, the HIV-1 Env must retain conserved determinants that mediate CD4 binding. To evaluate how these determinants might provide opportunities for antibody recognition, we created variants of gp120 stabilized in the CD4-bound state, assessed binding of CD4 and of receptor-binding-site antibodies, and determined the structure at 2.3 A resolution of the broadly neutralizing antibody b12 in complex with gp120. b12 binds to a conformationally invariant surface that overlaps a distinct subset of the CD4-binding site. This surface is involved in the metastable attachment of CD4, before the gp120 rearrangement required for stable engagement. A site of vulnerability, related to a functional requirement for efficient association with CD4, can therefore be targeted by antibody to neutralize HIV-1.     

复指数多项式在Hardy空间中的完备性

对复指数多项式在Bamch空间Hpa(1≤ρ≤2)中的完备性给出了充要条件,其中Hρa为开半带形Ia={z=x iy:x＞0,│y│＜a}(a＞0)中的Hardy空间.     

采用双等离子体制备非晶态碳膜的研究

采用直流金属磁过滤阴极真空弧(FCVA)制造出Ti和乙炔(C2H2)气体的双等离子体在单晶硅(100)上制备非晶态碳膜.重点研究了乙炔气体和过滤线圈电流对非晶态碳膜的结构、形貌和机械性能的影响.研究结果表明,薄膜中主要成分是TiC,并以(111)作为主晶向;随着过滤线圈电流的增大,薄膜的晶粒度越来越小;薄膜表面的粗糙度逐渐减小,变得更加平整;薄膜的应力减小,可以下降到2.5 GPa.薄膜的显微硬度和弹性模量随着C2H2体积流qV(C2H2)的增大而降低,硬度和弹性模量分别可以达到33.9 GPa和237.6 GPa.非晶态碳膜的摩擦因数在0.1～0.25之间,大大低于衬底材料单晶硅片的摩擦因数0.6.随着过滤线圈电流增大,摩擦因数减小.     

基于真实三维结构的玉米冠层生化参数垂直分布的定量化分析

为了定量研究作物生化参数在冠层中的垂直分布情况,本文以2000年栾城实验测量的玉米冠层自上而下不同叶位叶片的光谱数据为基础,利用PROSPECT模型进行反演,获得每层叶片的叶绿素(a b)含量、等效水厚度、干物质含量等叶片的生化参数.通过比较发现:玉米冠层叶绿素等含量生化参数具有明显的随高度垂直分层现象,最明显的就是叶片的叶绿素含量,最大和最小叶绿素含量的相对差值甚至可以达到最大值的79.1%.在此基础上,根据实测玉米冠层结构,利用扩展L系统生成玉米真实三维结构冠层场景.通过统计计算每层叶片的生化参数,进而得到冠层生化参数的垂直分布.这为进一步基于冠层光谱的参数反演和定量分析以及农业应用等研究奠定了理论基础.     

层次化的片上网络设计方法

半导体技术的发展以及系统芯片应用复杂度的不断增长,使得片上互连结构的吞吐量、功耗、信号完整性、延迟以及时钟同步等问题更加复杂,出现了以片上网络为核心的通信结构.由于系统芯片结构和片上通信的固有特性,从提高通信性能和降低硬件开销的角度进行层次化片上网络的设计对系统芯片的发展具有重要意义.本文提出了层次化的片上网络设计方法,根据实现工艺和应用需求,进行层次划分,产生若干个IP子集(将这个子集称为"簇"),按照簇间的通信需求进行片上网络的设计.实验表明,采用层次化的片上网络设计方法,能够有效提高系统性能,降低硬件实现的开销,同时满足一定的服务质量要求.     

短生命周期产品动态定价下供应链协调问题分析

因为逾期的短生命周期产品的价值近似为0,零售商必须在一定时间内完成对库存产品的销售.由于需求的不确定性,短生命周期产品的零售商们常常通过动态定价的方式来影响需求,实现自身收益最大化.考察了制造商采取何种契约能够实现与零售商的双赢--供应链协调.分析了3种最常见的契约形式:回购契约、价格折扣契约和收益共享契约.分析发现,上述3种契约形式中,只有收益共享契约能够实现零售商动态定价时供应链协调.另外,价格折扣契约的变形--数量价格折扣契约也可以实现零售商动态定价时供应链协调.     

三级SBR除磷脱氮工艺处理生活污水

根据生物除磷和反硝化脱氮的机理,污水的脱氮除磷存在基质竞争和泥龄方面的矛盾.为解决该矛盾开发了一种新的污水生物处理反应工艺--三级序批式活性污泥法(三级SBR法),并运用该方法处理了生活污水.该工艺将具有硝化、聚磷和去碳功能的细菌种群分别控制在三级反应器中优势生长并结合反硝化除磷技术.实验表明,处理效果稳定,COD 、TN 、TP去除率平均为87%、80%、86%,并可以减少能耗,节约碳源.该工艺能取得较好的同时脱氮除磷效果,且操作简便,运行费用低,有较好的应用前景.