A multi-stage genome-wide association study of bladder cancer identifies multiple susceptibility loci

We conducted a multi-stage, genome-wide association study of bladder cancer with a primary scan of 591,637 SNPs in 3,532 affected individuals (cases) and 5,120 controls of European descent from five studies followed by a replication strategy, which included 8,382 cases and 48,275 controls from 16 studies. In a combined analysis, we identified three new regions associated with bladder cancer on chromosomes 22q13.1, 19q12 and 2q37.1: rs1014971, (P = 8 × 10?12) maps to a non-genic region of chromosome 22q13.1, rs8102137 (P = 2 × 10?11) on 19q12 maps to CCNE1 and rs11892031 (P = 1 × 10??) maps to the UGT1A cluster on 2q37.1. We confirmed four previously identified genome-wide associations on chromosomes 3q28, 4p16.3, 8q24.21 and 8q24.3, validated previous candidate associations for the GSTM1 deletion (P = 4 × 10?11) and a tag SNP for NAT2 acetylation status (P = 4 × 10?11), and found interactions with smoking in both regions. Our findings on common variants associated with bladder cancer risk should provide new insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.     

新型根系状脱水管的构造参数研究及脱水模型构建

为保证新型根系状脱水管的脱水速率,根据已有试验条件拟定新型根系状脱水管中支管布设方案并确定构造参数取值范围;在此基础上设计脱水试验方案,采用控制变量法研究新型根系状脱水管脱水速率随构造参数的变化规律,构建新型根系状脱水管的脱水模型.研究结果表明:脱水速率随着支管长度的增加不断增大,随着同一层支管数量和上下层支管间距的增...     

缓倾斜多煤层顶板岩体变形移动特征数值模拟

针对某缓倾斜多煤层复杂的采矿地质条件,运用有限元软件进行三维数值计算分析,建立三维地质概化模型时考虑了断层的影响,对不同开采条件所引起的煤层顶板岩体移动和地表沉陷进行了数值计算.得到不同开采条件下地表、煤层顶板基准点的下沉移动分布曲线,煤层顶板基准点的最大、最小沉降、沉降差,以及煤层开采后顶板的主应力、剪应力值.研究结果表明:同时回采3101、3102工作面和错时开采3101或3102工作面引起的地面最大沉降和沉降差均变化不大,分别为520 mm、498 mm、515 mm及59 mm、78 mm、81 mm.该矿开采区域缓倾斜煤层引起的地表变形状况提供定量依据,为缓倾斜煤层以及类似条件下中小矿山合理、安全、经济的开发提供参考.     

基于感觉运动BCI系统的EEG手部运动分类

对于残疾人或者运动不便的健全人,感觉运动相关的BCI（Brain Computer Interface）系统是十分必要的.BCI系统的关键部分是对EEG（Eletroencepalograph）信号的采集、提取和分类.本文研究的是手部三种动作在运动执行的情况下,人脑产生的EEG信号的不同.利用EEG信号在运动时发生于大脑感觉运动皮层区域的ERS（Event-Related Synchronization）和ERD（Event-Related Desynchronization）现象,运用EMD（Empirical Mode Decomposition）等算法进行信号的特征提取,然后进行分类,得出了平均准确率为78.75％的良好结果.此次研究提供了一种基于EMD新的有效的运动相关BCI系统研发中的EEG信号的特征提取算法.     

Of Humans & Cyborgs, Caterpillars & Butterflies

In response to Peter–Paul Verbeek’s and Paul Levinson’s reviews of my article ‘In Between Us,’ I comment on four criticisms. Firstly, my approach of ‘mediation as such’ does not endorse the view of mediation as secondary to mediata (i.e., entities), but does not exclude it either. Secondly, my concepts of “transparency of use” and of “context” are to be seen as philosophical ‘tools’ and not as mutually exclusive states. Thirdly, I agree with Levinson that technologies do indeed remediate, and mostly not for the worse. However, fourthly, at the same time we should always be on guard for their nefarious effects.     

二甲醚发动机燃料供给系统偶件间隙泄漏测量

为了精确测量二甲醚发动机燃料供给系统中偶件间隙的燃料泄漏量,设计了一套适用于测量微小流量的测量装置.该装置在活塞压力计基础上通过排除油缸自身泄漏,精确地建立了恒定压力,以实现恒温、恒压下间隙燃料泄漏量的测量,包括三组偶件的泄漏量和柱塞偶件不同位置的泄漏量.通过理论计算验证了测量的精确性,结果表明:偶件泄漏量从大到小依次为柱塞-针阀-出油阀,柱塞偶件不同部位泄漏量从大到小依次为进回油孔-泄油槽-裙部;二甲醚泄漏量几乎为柴油的1.8倍,且随着密封长度的增加该倍数减小.通过实测柴油泄漏量反算获得了间隙高度,再由间隙高度计算得到的二甲醚泄漏量,并与测量结果进行了对比,从而验证了测量装置的精确性.     

HERG1 K+ channels on the leukemic cells mediated angiogenesis in vitro

Human ether-a-go-go-related gene （HERG1） K^＋ channels are overexpressed in leukemia, which contributes to neoangiogene- sis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of HERG1 K^＋ channels on leukemia angiogenesis. We cultured human umbili- cal vein endothelial cells （HUVECs） in conditioned media, which were derived from leukemic cells with or without E-4031, a HERG1 K^＋ channel special inhibitor. The HUVECs proliferation was mea- sured using CCK-8 assay and migration by a Trans-well. Endothelial tube formation was investigated using Matrigel. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） levels were tested by ELISA and VEGF mRNA expression using RT-PCR. Our results revealed that blocking HERG1 K^＋ channels could inhibit leukemia-induced HUVECs pro- liferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. The results sug- gested that HERG1 K~ channels could increase leukemia angio- genesis. Furthermore, blockage of HERG1 K^＋ channels could also decrease leukemic cells secreting VEGF and expressing VEGF mRNA. HERG1 K^＋ channels have a promoting effect on leukemia angiogenesis, and the possible mechanism may be that HERG1 K^＋ channels enhance VEGF expression. Thus, HERG1 K4 channel is a potential target of antiangiogenesis in leukemia.     

通气对硫化铜矿生物浸出过程中自由细菌和吸附细菌群落动态的影响研究

生物浸出回收低品位硫化铜矿中的铜金属具有操作简单、低能耗、节约经济等优点,成为了近年来的研究热点。然而低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出效率低是其面临的主要问题之一。本文为了促进生物浸出效率,研究了强制通气条件下的低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出过程中的铜浸出率、细菌群落动态演替等特征。结果表明,适当的通气可提高细菌浓度和铜浸出率。在通气时间为4 h·d?1时,浸矿14 d后的细菌浓度和铜离子浓度最高,分别为7.61×107 个·mL?1和704.9 mg·L?1。实验可得,吸附细菌在浸矿过程的前7 d起着重要作用,而自由细菌则是在第8 d到第14 d占主导地位。这一现象主要是由于浸出过程Fe3+水解形成钝化层所致,抑制了吸附细菌与矿石的接触。同时,通过16S rDNA分析可知,Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans和Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans对低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出过程具有重要影响。     

近水平煤层群矿床模型的建立

矿床模型是用计算机进行辅助设计和编制生产矿井采掘计划的基础，本文探讨了地下矿井近水平煤层群矿床模型的建立方法，并编制了相应的计算机软件。为矿井设计和生产管理的科学化提供了一种新途径。     

截干萌芽在银杏叶用园培育中的应用机理

研究了截干萌芽对银杏高生长、单叶干重、单株叶产量和黄酮含量的影响，结果表明：①第一次截干后，银杏高生长量比对照高，第二次截干后，距地３０ ｃｍ 截干的处理高生长也超过对照，约为对照的１２７ ％ ；②截干后，银杏单叶干重显著高于对照；③第一次截干后，银杏单株叶产量显著高于对照，第二次截干后，３０ ｃｍ 截干高度的处理单株叶产量约为对照的１１２ ％ ，且随截干高度的增加，单株叶产量有随着增加的趋势；④截干后，银杏叶中黄酮含量显著高于对照，随截干高度的增加，黄酮含量有下降的趋势。为使银杏叶用园管理方便和获得较高的叶产量和较好的叶质量，建议银杏叶用园应采取截干萌芽这一矮林作业方法。