A venomous arthropod in the Early Cambrian Sea

A number of recently evolved animals possess poison glands for feeding and/or defense.However,examples of such animals are rare in the fossil record.We report a fossil arthropod Isoxys curvirostratus from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang biota of China.This species is regarded as the oldest known venomous arthropod based on the presence of venomous glands in its head region.The adult animal is 2-5 cm long and the body is covered entirely with a carapace.The presence of large stalk eyes and a pair of stout grasping appendages with a terminal spine suggest it was raptorial.Interestingly,the two pear-shaped,three-dimensionally preserved objects that are present in the head region and at the base of the grasping appendages closely resemble the venom glands of some living arthropods in size,shape,and position.These features indicate that the presence of venomous predators could date back 520 million years.Furthermore,our observations suggest that the feeding strategies and organs adapted for this purpose had already reached a high level of diversity and anatomical sophistication in the Early Cambrian ecosystems.     

An important functional group,benzo[1,3]dioxole,of alkaloids induces the formation of the human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex

Over the past few decades, numerous molecules have been discovered or designed to interact efficiently and selectively with a peculiar DNA structure named G-quadruplex. Some of these molecules have been developed as anticancer agents. To aid the design of anticancer agents, the ability of alkaloids possessing Protoberberine and Benzophenanthridine groups to induce the formation of G-quadruplexes were studied using CD spectroscopy. By careful examination of their structures, we found that a benzo[1,3]dioxole group plays an important role in influencing their inductive properties. The more functional groups the alkaloids have, the stronger their G-quadruplex inductive ability.     

三维Boussinesq方程在有界区域的爆破性准则

研究了三维Boussinesq方程在带有光滑边界条件下有界区域的爆破性问题,由于耗散项和边界的影响,证实了方程中速度项的梯度控制其解的爆破性,并且速度场比温度函数起着更重要的作用.     

空气在立管外螺旋流动数值模拟及实验研究

实验研究了空气在立管外螺旋流动的传热和流阻性能,结果为空气在立管外螺旋流动的对流换热系数是空气横掠单管的2～3倍,并利用模拟软件PHOENICS对立管外空气流动进行了数值模拟,将其与实验结果进行分析比较,误差低于10%,证明是实验方法的有力补充并对此进行机理分析,这可为设计高效节能的立式螺旋隔板换热器提供参考.     

Dempster-Shafer （D-S） algorithm with credit scale in spectrum sensing

In cognitive radio, the detection probability of primary user affects the signal receiving performance for both primary and secondary users significantly. In this paper, a new Dempster-Shafer (D-S) algorithm with credit scale for decision fusion in spectrum sensing is proposed for the purpose to improve the performance of detection in cognitive radio. The validity of this method is established by simulation in the environment of multiple cognitive users who know their signal to noise ratios (SNR) and a central node. The channels between the cognitive users and the central node are considered to be additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Compared with traditional data fusion rules, the proposed D-S algorithm with credit scale provides a better detection performance.     

以磺胺药物为阴离子的离子液体合成及其抑菌性能

以磺胺醋酰药物为阴离子,合成7种离子液体,以1H NMR和IR确证其结构;低温差示扫描量热(DSC)测定熔点或玻璃化转变温度,结果较相应钠盐有较大程度降低;离子液体对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性比较发现,大肠杆菌敏感度强于金黄色葡萄球菌,并且此类离子液体抑菌性主要由季铵阳离子种类决定,吡啶离子液体的抑菌力强于甲基咪唑,长链离子液体优于短链离子液体.     

广告用语中语用预设特征的应用

本文从语用预设的三个主要特征：可撤销性,共知性和隐蔽性的角度分析广告语言,以及这些特征如何使广告语言具有吸引力和说服力。除了这三个相对显著的特征,语用预设还会结合其他一些特点,如主观性,单向性和合适性,来达到广告预期效果。根据可撤销性,可以将广告分为语用预设可撤销类型和不可撤消类型,还可以根据语用预设在共同性和隐蔽性上的不同侧重分为两类。另外,本文将共同性与文化语境,隐蔽性与情景语境结合起来,从语用预设各个特点的角度对广告用语的特点进行了较整体性的研究。     

煤岩体突水通道骨料灌注运移堆积机制试验

为揭示突水通道中骨料运移堆积的演化规律,开展了动水条件下骨料灌注试验,得到了骨料的初始沉积位置、堆积体形成方向以及堆积体极限堆积高度与水流速、骨料灌注速度等影响因素的内在关联。结果表明：在1.0 m/s高流速动水环境中,骨料堆积体形成方向为先逆水流方向生长至投料孔底后转为顺水流方向生长;在0.3 m/s低流速条件下,采用口径36 mm漏斗投料同口径18 mm相比,骨料灌注总量相同时,其堆积体的极限高度提升了41%。基于数值力学模型——计算流体动力学-离散元方法(computational fluid dynamics and distinct element method, CFD-DEM),研究了骨料灌注期间突水通道内流场的时空分布特征以及骨料堆积体的过水阻力作用对突水通道内静水压力的影响机制。     

西诗中跨句行的功能研究

跨行是传统西诗创作中经常用到的行文手段,最早被用于隔断句式和表现音韵。通过对跨行在诗歌创作中的功能的进一步研究,证实跨行除了以上两种功能,还可以起到把重要语词置于醒目位置、改变诗歌节奏及营造图式意象等作用,促进诗歌的思想表达,推动诗歌的主题发展。     

心算加工策略的认知科学研究综述

工作记忆和练习效应都通过多方面对心算过程中的加工策略产生较大的影响。在工作记忆资源被占用的情况下,心算策略的执行与选择都受到了较大的影响。工作记忆与策略复杂性的交互作用,工作记忆与问题难度的交互作用都对策略执行有影响。工作记忆资源的被占用会对策略选择造成较大的影响。练习对策略选择,策略效能、策略迁移、策略的问题大小效应都有影响。练习效应能提高直接提取策略的使用频率,同时降低了运算策略的使用频率。练习有效地缩短了提取策略的完成时间和运算策略的完成时间。练习在部分情况下会缩小问题大小效应,但不能完全消除问题大小效应。练习的结果仅在乘法中会出现部分迁移。不同的理论对练习效应的影响,有着不同的解释。