Rewarding effects of opiates are absent in mice lacking the receptor for substance P

Modulation of substance P activity offers a radical new approach to the management of depression, anxiety and stress. The substance P receptor is highly expressed in areas of the brain that are implicated in these behaviours, but also in other areas such as the nucleus accumbens which mediate the motivational properties of both natural rewards such as food and of drugs of abuse such as opiates. Here we show a loss of the rewarding properties of morphine in mice with a genetic disruption of the substance P receptor. The loss was specific to morphine, as both groups of mice responded when cocaine or food were used as rewards. The physical response to opiate withdrawal was also reduced in substance P receptor knockout mice. We conclude that substance P has an important and specific role in mediating the motivational aspects of opiates and may represent a new pharmacological route for the control of drug abuse.     

动力系统最优化的能量模型

在动力系统的优化中,传统的以经济指标为目标函数的数学模型,有一定的局限性.本文用最优控制理论建立能量模型,用有限元法求解系统的动力反应,模型综合考虑系统的安全性、经济性和稳定性.计算实例验证了模型的合理性与可行性.     

带Г—半群

给出了带Г－半群的定义，证明了带Г－半群是矩形带Г－半群的半格，给出了带Г－半群的一个结构定理，它可以看作Ｐｅｔｒｉｃｈ关于带的构造定理在Г－半群上的推广。     

复杂聚合物乳液的稳定性与电动电势的关系研究

利用界面电泳的方法对聚丙烯酸酯乳 液的稳定性及其影响因素进行了研究，结果表明，聚丙烯酸酯乳液的稳定性依赖于其内在结构，因含量、pH值和交联剂含量，这些影响因素可以用电荷密度及表面积的改变来解释。     

皮托管测量气体流量的列线图

本文通过对皮托管测量空气流量的实验研究,提出了制作列线图的方法,并提供列线图。应用该图,可以直接从U管压差计读数及被测量气体的温度和压力查得流经一定管径管路的空气流速和流量。此法免去了大量繁复的计算,而且作图容易,查图方便,结果可靠。本方法对于不同型号的皮托管、不同管径的管路以及不同的气体同样是可行的。     

惰性气体和H_2分子碰撞截面计算研究

用T .T(K .T .TangJ.Peter .Toennies)势模型和公认精密度较高的密耦 (Close -Coupling)近似方法计算了E =0 .0 5ev时 0 0 - 0 0弹性碰撞 0 0 - 0 2非弹性碰撞 ,得出氢分子转动激发分波截面 ,并研究了原子与分子碰撞弹性分波截面和非弹性激发截面随量子数增加的变化规律 .     

Distribution of the blood flow supplied by the vertebral artery in rats: anatomical, functional and pharmacological aspects.

In rats, the vertebral artery make only a minor contribution to the blood perfusion of the ponto-medullary area. This was measured with radioactive microspheres and was confirmed by methylmetacrylate casts and local injection of a centrally acting hypotensive drug.