柴达木盆地冷湖地区大地水准面模拟精化计算

根据青海石油局物探处在柴达木冷湖昆特依地区进行ＧＰＳ定位提供的高程信息，对该区大地水准面做了模拟精化计算分析，结果表明：该地区大地水准面起伏明显，南北向如ＬＨ３７—ＬＨ２４两点距为４３．４ｋｍ，高程异常值之差为０．７５ｍ，且由北向南逐渐降低；东西向如Ｓ２０５—ＧＢＧ０两点距离为２６ｋｍ，高程异常值之差为１．６２ｍ，由西向东逐渐抬高．在获得准确的高程异常情况下，就可得到精度较高的ＧＰＳ高程．同时也说明了用ＧＰＳ高程代替部分水准测量工作是可行的，这就为柴达木盆地大地水准面精化指出了研究方向．用ＧＰＳ精化大地水准是获取精密的大地水准面起伏的一种有效的方法，对地球物理及地球力场模型的建立等科研工作有着重要的意义     

Drasin的一个猜想的更普遍形式

在涉及重值时对 Drasin的一个猜想提出更普遍的形式 ,从而在某些程度上改进并推广了杨乐和王跃飞在文〔1〕中的一个结果。     

Nutritional condition of elk in Rocky Mountain National Park

We tested the hypothesis that elk in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) were at ecological carrying capacity by determining herd-specific levels of nutritional condition and fecundity. Ingesta-free body fat levels in adult cows that were lactating were 10.6% ( s = 1.7; range = 6.2-15.4) and 7.7% ( s = 0.5; range = 5.9-10.1) in November 2001 for the Horseshoe and Moraine Park herds, respectively. Cows that were not lactating were able to accrue significantly more body fat: 14.0% ( s = 1.1; range = 7.7-19.3) and 11.5% ( s = 0.8; range = 8.6-15.1) for the Horseshoe and Moraine Park herds, respectively. Cow elk lost most of their body fat over winter (April 2002 levels were 3.9% [ s = 0.4] and 2.9% [ s = 0.4] for the Horseshoe and Moraine Park herds, respectively). Nutritional condition indicated that both Horseshoe Park and Moraine Park elk were well below condition levels elk can achieve on very good-excellent nutrition (i.e., > 15% body fat; Cook et al. 2004) and were comparable to other free-ranging elk populations. However, condition levels were higher than those expected at a ""food-limited"" carrying capacity, and a proportion of elk in each herd were able to achieve condition levels indicative of very good-excellent nutrition. Elk in RMNP are likely regulated and/or limited by a complex combination of density-independent (including significant heterogeneity in forage conditions across RMNP's landscape) and density-dependent processes, as condition levels contradict a simple density-dependent model of a population at ecological carrying capacity.     

Reproduction of the prairie skink, Eumeces septentrionalis , in Nebraska

Clutch sizes of the prairie skink, Eumeces septentrionalis , in Nebraska are positively correlated with female snout-vent lengths (SVLs). Data presented in this study and others indicate Nebraska populations of E. septentrionalis have larger average clutch sizes than other populations within this species' range.     

Denning chronology of black bears in eastern Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado

Understanding factors influencing the timing of den entrance and emergence of black bears ( Ursus americanus ) provides insight for bear management. We determined den entrance and emergence dates for bears in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) and related these dates to vegetative productivity, weather, habitat, and demographic factors to assess the influence of these factors on denning chronology. Date of den entrance was most strongly influenced by age class, precipitation, and proportion of human-use areas in annual home ranges. Den entrance was typically later for adult bears during wetter years and when annual home ranges contained a greater proportion of human-use areas. Sex and presence of human-use areas were most strongly related to den emergence. Male bears typically emerged from dens before females, and bears emerged from dens earlier when human-use areas composed a greater proportion of annual home ranges. Collectively, our results suggest that denning behavior of black bears in RMNP was strongly influenced by presence of human-use areas, likely because of foods associated with such areas. Managers of black bears in RMNP can use precipitation to predict relative dates of den entrance, thereby allowing for more efficient strategies to combat potentially negative human–black bear encounters.     

Ecological notes of the alien species Godiva quadricolor (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) occurring in Faro Lake (Italy)

The first record from Sicily of the introduced facelinid nudibranch Godiva quadricolor allowed the detection of trophic relationships with the polycerid Polycera hedgpethi, another non-native nudibranch, and with two bryozoan species, namely the naturalized Cheilostomatida Bugula neritina and the cryptogenic Ctenostomatida Amathia verticillata. The settlement of both nudibranchs was presumably promoted by a trophic shift of P. hedgpethi from the natural prey B. neritina towards the largely available and not exploited A. verticillata. This short food web, without evident links with native fauna and having G. quadricolor as the top predator, is described. A DNA barcoding approach was used to confirm the identity of this facelinid species and to explore the possible genetic divergence occurring among the samples analysed.     

Anionic activation of human salivary amylase.

In all earlier studies on alpha-amylase, the influence of different ions were studied in phosphate buffer. The present report shows the effect of different ions individually with Tris and amino acid. Though it has been claimed recently that sodium ion is an activator of alpha-amylase, this study reconfirms that sodium ion does not activate human salivary amylase.     

Distribution of the blood flow supplied by the vertebral artery in rats: anatomical, functional and pharmacological aspects.

In rats, the vertebral artery make only a minor contribution to the blood perfusion of the ponto-medullary area. This was measured with radioactive microspheres and was confirmed by methylmetacrylate casts and local injection of a centrally acting hypotensive drug.