基于微流控液滴技术的载药缓释微球研究进展

单分散性载药缓释微球作为新型药物释放系统已成为缓释药物制剂研究的热点问题之一,但传统制备方法获得的载药微球大多存在大小不均一、粒径分布宽、载药量低、缓释效果不明显等问题,极大地限制了其应用。微流控液滴技术因其操作简单,可以控制液滴形成的过程,成为近年发展起来的制备单分散性载药微球的新方法,在制备粒径均匀、具有特殊性能等载药微球方面有极大的优势。本文从传统载药微球的制备及存在问题入手,简述微流控技术的基本原理及液滴微流控制备载药微球的基本方法与类型,体现微流控技术相比传统制备技术的优势,即可以制备得到粒径均一、大小组分可控且呈单分散性的药物可控释放微球。     

Feeding ecology of the common sun skink,Eutropis multifasciata (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), in the plains of central Vietnam

We studied the feeding ecology of Eutropis multifasciata in the tropical plains of central Vietnam to understand better the foraging mode, spatiotemporal and sexual variation in dietary composition, and rarefaction curves of prey-taxon richness for males and females. Stomach contents (n = 161) were collected from October 2013 to May 2014 using a nonlethal stomach-flushing technique. A total of 680 food items (624 animal items and 56 plant items) was found in 161 stomachs of skinks, representing 19 unique animal categories. We found that the diet of E. multifasciata is composed mainly of small, sedentary and clumped prey and that this skink specialises on spiders, insect larvae, snails, grasshoppers and crickets (with a combined importance index of 60%). Dietary composition, prey size and total prey volume in E. multifasciata changed between dry and rainy seasons and among regions. The total volume of food items consumed by males was larger than that of females, and the diversity and evenness index of prey categories were larger in males than in females. However, using rarefaction curves revealed that females have the higher prey-taxon richness after points between 130 and 140 prey items for frequency, and between 160 and 170 prey items for number of items, and the differences were not statistically significant. The foraging behaviour of E. multifasciata best fits a ‘widely foraging’ model.     

Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces

Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified ～ 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained ～ 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice.     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.     

不同船速比对改向避让效果的影响

为了研究船速比在船舶驾驶员制定改向避让决策时的影响,运用船舶相对运动几何原理建立船速比与改向避让施舵点、改向幅度之间的数学模型,分析不同目标交汇特征下船速比(K≥1)分别对施舵点和改向幅度的影响.仿真实验结果表明,船速比(K≥1.5)较大的情况下,本船按《国际海上避碰规则》(以下简称规则)改向避让的效果不显著,对左正横...     

贵州天柱地区金矿地球化学特征及成矿作用探讨

应用四级杆型电感耦合等离子体质谱(Q-ICP-MS)对黔东南天柱地区各典型金矿床(点)含金石英脉及近矿围岩的微量、稀土元素进行系统的测定,结果表明:其微量、稀土分布曲线与区域变质岩基本一致,表明金主要来源于区域地层。部分石英脉样品的稀土配分模式为平坦型,轻重稀土分馏不明显,更接近上地幔或下地壳的稀土组成特征。同时,W、Mo等高温成矿元素的相对富集,暗示可能有深部岩浆活动影响了成矿。Y/Ho、Th/U的研究结果显示:成矿流体主要为变质水,部分矿床可能有大气降水的混入。综合分析认为:该区金矿床的成矿流体与成矿物质具多来源特征。     

Improved unequal interval grey model and its applications

A new method to improve prediction precision of GM(1,1) model with unequal time interval is presented.The grey derivative is multiplied by a parameter to guarantee the time response function satisfying approximately exponential function distribution.To simplify the process of parametric estimation,an approximate value is taken for the multiplied parameter.Then the estimators of coefficient of development and grey action quantity can be derived.At the same time,the principle of the new information priority is also considered.We take the last item of the first-order accumulated generation operator(1-AGO) on raw data sequence as the initial condition in the time response function.Then the new information can be taken full advantage of through the improved initial condition.Some properties of this new model are also discussed.The presented method is actually a combination of improvement of grey derivative and improvement of the initial condition.The results of an example indicate that the proposed method can improve prediction precision prominently.     

双语教学改革探索

21世纪全球将全面进入知识经济时代。中国已加入WTO，国际交流与合作将更加频繁，同时国际竞争也日趋激烈。在这种背景下．高校必须真正改变传统教育体系，加大教改力度，培养能适应时代需求的专业型外语人才。双语教学的提出正是一项重要举措。本文对双语教学的涵义及其整个操作过程进行了研究，客观地分析了现阶段双语教学的实际效果和存在的问题，并结合自己的教学实践．提出了具体建议。     

工业雷管连续爆速动态测量

本文通过外阻丝传感器测试了工业雷管连续爆轰速度.获得了8~#无起爆药和6~#有起爆药热丝电雷管的“爆速——时间”波剖面曲线,该曲线表征了工业雷管黑索今装药爆轰波的传播.     

我国廉租房法律政策调控效果及完善路径分析

廉租房法律政策既是我国的住房保障制度,同时也是我国房地产宏观调控政策,其价值主要在于实现社会公平。目前,我国廉租房法律政策还存在一些缺陷,诸如现有法律政策落实不到位、缺乏监督机制,也没有形成健全的廉租房法律体系。为此,必须通过针对性措施来完善我国廉租房法律政策,发挥其对房地产市场应有的宏观调控作用,以最大限度地促进我国房地产市场的健康发展。