大学化学实验课程体系的改革与实践

文章利用现代化的教学理念构建以提高学生科学素养为宗旨,以培养学生的创新能力为主线,创设了大学化学实验教学新体系.并对大学化学实验教学活动如何以学生为中心,重视学科间联系,加强科学、技术与社会相统一,实验的绿色化和实验及教学的评价等问题提出了建议,总结了实践经验。     

A theoretical model for mid-and low-latitude ionospheric electric fields in realistic geomagnetic fields

The geomagnetic fields, which play important roles in the ionospheric dynamo, can greatly affect the global distribution of ionospheric electric fields, currents and other ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena. In the study of ionospheric electrodynamics phenomena, such as the longitudinal variations of ionospheric electric fields, the non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic fields must be taken into account. In this paper, we deduce a theoretical electric field model for ionospheric dynamo at mid- and low-latitude which adopt a modified magnetic apex coordinates system. In the new electric field model, the geomagnetic fields can be calculated from either the IGRF model or the dipole field model, and the neutral winds and conductivities are calculated based on empirical models. Then the dynamo equation for the electric potential is finally solved in terms of the line-by-line iteration method, and the ionospheric electric fields and currents are derived from the calculated potential. Our model can reproduce the main features of the ionospheric electrodynamics processes, so it will be a useful tool for the investigation of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.     

在随动曲线坐标系下模拟矩形坯压缩变形的能量法

本文提出一种新的模拟塑性流动的数值法-__在随动曲线坐标系下的能量法.运动学可能速度场、变形总功率泛函以张量形式表达在随动曲线坐标系上,通过优化可变参数使泛函达最小值,以求得变形过程中速度场、位移增量场和最终位移场.根据上述算法和所编制的FORTRAN程序,本文计算了平板间矩形坯压缩变形的位移场.计算结果得到实验验证.     

引入青海的辽宁绒山羊双极胸导联心电图

对34只引入青海的辽宁绒山羊3个双极胸导联心电图进行了描记和分析。结果发现：①在3个双极胸导联心电图上，P波和T波的波向变化甚大；②在CⅡ和CⅢ导联心电图上，QRS综合波多数呈qR型(分别为94．2％和79．5％)，而在CI导联心电图上，QRS综合波呈现9种波型；③各波和间期的时限(s)为：P坡，0．049;P—Q间期，0．107；QRS综合波，0．059;T波，0．072;Q—T间期，0．306；Q—Tc间期，0．373;R—R间期，0．672；④被检山羊窦律不齐的发生率达64．71％。     

Algorithm of graph isomorphism with threedimensional DNA graph structures

ResearchonDNAcomputingwasinitializedin1994 ,whenAdleman[1] proposedamethodofsolvingasmallinstanceoftheHamiltonianPathproblembyalaboratoryexperimentinvolvingDNAmolecules .Later,Lipton[2 ] demonstratedhowalargeclassofNP completeproblemscouldbesolvedbyencodingtheprobleminDNAmolecules .Inparticular ,LiptonshowedonefamousNP problem ,theso called“satisfiability”problem (SAT)andsubsequentlytheotherNP problemscouldbeencodedandsolvedusingmolecules .TheadvantagesofDNAcomputingareitsmassivepa…     

Preparation of organic thin-film field effect transistor

The organic thin-film field effect transistor was prepared through vacuum deposition by using teflon as di-electric material. Indium-tin-oxide acted as the source and drain electrodes. Copper phthalocyanine and teflon were used as the semiconductor layer and dielectric layer, respectively. The gate electrode was made of Ag. The channel length between the source and drain was 50 μm. After preparing the source and drain electrodes by lithography, the copper phthalocyanine layer, teflon layer and Ag layerwere prepared by vacuum deposition sequentially. The field effect electron mobility of the device reached 1.1×10ˉ6 cm2/(V@s), and the on/off current ratio reached 500.     

软件可靠性与费用权衡

软件可靠性与费用的关系是辩证的 :一方面增加可靠性可以减少软件的维修费用 ,避免软件因可靠性低不能使用所造成的开发费用的浪费 ;另一方面增加软件可靠性 ,大都以增加软件开发费用为代价 ,而软件成本的提高又制约了软件的销售和推广。对软件可靠性分配和软件测试终止时间的确定进行了深入分析 ,通过这两条途径实现了软件可靠性和费用的权衡。在此基础上 ,给出了在软件工程中权衡软件可靠性与费用的其它方法。     

基于自适应共轭梯度算法的高分辨率谱估计器

基于AR模型的功率谱估计是现代谱估计应用非常广泛的一种方法。通过对一全极点模型的参数估计来实现功率谱估计。提出了一种采用自适应共轭梯度算法来进行参数估计的方法。由于共轭梯度算法采用迭代运算求解Yule-Walker方程,同现有的谱估计算法相比,大大减小了谱估计算法的计算复杂度;随着自相关矩阵阶数的增大,该方法谱估计精度在小信噪比下提高显著。仿真结果表明,这种方法和基于AR模型的其它谱估计方法在不同信噪比下具有几乎相同的分辨率。因此,该谱估计算法具有重要的实用意义,有助于谱估计算法的实时实现。     

适合度的倾向解释及其认知意义

按倾向解释，适合度是由期望的繁殖成功来说明的概率倾向。但是，不能像布兰登和彼蒂那样把这种倾向等同于实体的物理结构。按本文的主张，适合度说明了一组条件，而这些条件与实际的繁殖成功的关系是因果的。适合度参与了对一个一般选择模型的定义，而且在具体实例中承诺实际的繁殖成功是由生物的性质决定的。