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991.
Gabrielli P Barbante C Plane JM Varga A Hong S Cozzi G Gaspari V Planchon FA Cairns W Ferrari C Crutzen P Cescon P Boutron CF 《Nature》2004,432(7020):1011-1014
An iridium anomaly at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary layer has been attributed to an extraterrestrial body that struck the Earth some 65 million years ago. It has been suggested that, during this event, the carrier of iridium was probably a micrometre-sized silicate-enclosed aggregate or the nanophase material of the vaporized impactor. But the fate of platinum-group elements (such as iridium) that regularly enter the atmosphere via ablating meteoroids remains largely unknown. Here we report a record of iridium and platinum fluxes on a climatic-cycle timescale, back to 128,000 years ago, from a Greenland ice core. We find that unexpectedly constant fallout of extraterrestrial matter to Greenland occurred during the Holocene, whereas a greatly enhanced input of terrestrial iridium and platinum masked the cosmic flux in the dust-laden atmosphere of the last glacial age. We suggest that nanometre-sized meteoric smoke particles, formed from the recondensation of ablated meteoroids in the atmosphere at altitudes >70 kilometres, are transported into the winter polar vortices by the mesospheric meridional circulation and are preferentially deposited in the polar ice caps. This implies an average global fallout of 14 +/- 5 kilotons per year of meteoric smoke during the Holocene. 相似文献
992.
19~20世纪之交,中国传统学术研究方法面临着极大挑战;当时的思想家表现出了较积极的态度:吸纳西学方法并推动了中国学术研究方法的近代转型;传统学术研究方法的近代转型主要表现在:研究内容由“虚”到“实”的转变、研究程序由臆测到实证的转变、研究品格由依附到独立的转变等。严复在这一重大学术事件中扮演了重要角色。 相似文献
993.
HeChun-yan ZhouXin LiXiao-ming YuHong HongJia-ling 《武汉大学学报:自然科学英文版》2004,9(1):120-124
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on the expression of maerophage matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), and the possible mechanisms. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was detected by Western blot analysis.Enzymatic activity of MMP-12 was determined by β-casein zymography. RT-PCR analysis was used to measure the mRNA expression level of MMP-12. OxLDL-stimulated macrophages produced increased casein-degrading activities and oxLDL also significantly increased the mRNA level of MMP-12 in a dose-dependent manner.OxLDL stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in macrophages. The use of the specific inhibitor indicated that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was required for the induction of MMP-12.These data demonstrated that oxLDL induced MMP-12 expression in macrophages through an ERK1/2-dependent pathway. 相似文献
994.
Chen H 《浙江大学学报(自然科学英文版)》2004,5(6):727-732
Specific ATP content of volatile solids was measured to characterize the sludge activity in a sequential anaerobic/aerobic wastewater treatment system, with an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a three-phase aerobic fluidized bed (AFB) reactor. The wastewater COD level was 2000-3000 mg/L in simulation of real textile wastewater. The ATP content and the specific ATP contents of volatile solids at different heights of the UASB reactor and those of the suspended and immobilized biomass in the AFB reactor were measured. In the UASB reactor, the maximum value of specific ATP (0.85 mg ATP/g VS) was obtained at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) 7.14 h in the blanket solution. In the AFB reactor, the specific ATP content of suspended biomass was higher than that of immobilized biomass and increased with hydraulic retention time reaching a maximum value of 1.6 mg ATP/g VS at hydraulic retention time 4.35 h. The ATP content of anaerobes in the UASB effluent declined rapidly under aerobic conditions following a 2nd-order kinetic model. 相似文献
995.
A flower image retrieval method based on ROI feature 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Flower image retrieval is a very important step for computer-aided plant species recognition. In this paper, we propose an efficient segmentation method based on color clustering and domain knowledge to extract flower regions from flower images. For flower retrieval, we use the color histogram of a flower region to characterize the color features of flower and two shape-based features sets, Centroid-Contour Distance (CCD) and Angle Code Histogram (ACH), to characterize the shape features of a flower contour. Experimental results showed that our flower region extraction method based on color clustering and domain knowledge can produce accurate flower regions. Flower retrieval results on a database of 885 flower images collected from 14 plant species showed that our Region-of-Interest (ROI) based retrieval approach using both color and shape features can perform better than a method based on the global color histogram proposed by Swain and Ballard (1991) and a method based on domain knowledge-driven segmentation and color names proposed by Das et al.(1999). 相似文献
996.
采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法,在LANL2DZ基组下,对团簇Y3O、Y3O-、Y3O+的几何结构进行优化。结果表明,Y3O团簇的平衡构型都是四面体结构,具有CS对称性。Y3O的基态是两重态2A′,Y3O-的基态是三重态3A′′,Y3O+的基态是单一态1A′。计算得到的电子亲和能和电离能都与实验吻合。电荷分布和自旋密度分析表明团簇Y3O的性质主要取决于"碎块"Y3。 相似文献
997.
导向力的形成机理是研制旋转导向工具的核心。在深入研究国外旋转导向工具的基础上,参考导弹制导原理,提出了调制式旋转导向工具新的导向方式,建立了导向力"等力合成模型",并对其影响规律进行了分析。结果表明,这种导向方式与PowerDriveSRD导向系统相比,有其独特的优点。控制面不稳定程度对合导向力的影响并不很大,在控制面摆动度达14°时,合导向力仅下降1%。这为调制式旋转导向工具稳定平台的研制提供了宽松的约束条件。 相似文献
998.
The origin of the anomalous superconducting properties of MgB(2) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Magnesium diboride differs from ordinary metallic superconductors in several important ways, including the failure of conventional models to predict accurately its unusually high transition temperature, the effects of isotope substitution on the critical transition temperature, and its anomalous specific heat. A detailed examination of the energy associated with the formation of charge-carrying pairs, referred to as the 'superconducting energy gap', should clarify why MgB(2) is different. Some early experimental studies have indicated that MgB(2) has multiple gaps, but past theoretical studies have not explained from first principles the origin of these gaps and their effects. Here we report an ab initio calculation of the superconducting gaps in MgB(2) and their effects on measurable quantities. An important feature is that the electronic states dominated by orbitals in the boron plane couple strongly to specific phonon modes, making pair formation favourable. This explains the high transition temperature, the anomalous structure in the specific heat, and the existence of multiple gaps in this material. Our analysis suggests comparable or higher transition temperatures may result in layered materials based on B, C and N with partially filled planar orbitals. 相似文献
999.
VEGF regulates haematopoietic stem cell survival by an internal autocrine loop mechanism 总被引:49,自引:0,他引:49
Gerber HP Malik AK Solar GP Sherman D Liang XH Meng G Hong K Marsters JC Ferrara N 《Nature》2002,417(6892):954-958
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a principal regulator of blood vessel formation and haematopoiesis, but the mechanisms by which VEGF differentially regulates these processes have been elusive. Here we describe a regulatory loop by which VEGF controls survival of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We observed a reduction in survival, colony formation and in vivo repopulation rates of HSCs after ablation of the VEGF gene in mice. Intracellularly acting small-molecule inhibitors of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase dramatically reduced colony formation of HSCs, thus mimicking deletion of the VEGF gene. However, blocking VEGF by administering a soluble VEGFR-1, which acts extracellularly, induced only minor effects. These findings support the involvement in HSC survival of a VEGF-dependent internal autocrine loop mechanism (that is, the mechanism is resistant to inhibitors that fail to penetrate the intracellular compartment). Not only ligands selective for VEGF and VEGFR-2 but also VEGFR-1 agonists rescued survival and repopulation of VEGF-deficient HSCs, revealing a function for VEGFR-1 signalling during haematopoiesis. 相似文献
1000.