一种改善雷达收发隔离的新方法

针对连续波体制雷达的特点,提出了采用光子晶体高阻表面提高雷达收发隔离的新方法.该方法利用光子晶体频率带隙与周期结构尺寸之间的关系,可灵活设计出雷达工作频段的高阻表面.将光子晶体高阻表面加装到某型连续波雷达的天线上,提高雷达收发隔离度达15 dB,证明了该方法的有效性.     

飞行巡线机器人悬停控制系统仿真与设计

针对通讯线路和电力传输线快速发展的趋势,提出使用旋翼直升机作为飞行式巡线机器人的设想。在刚体、非完整假设和飞行原理基础上,建立了巡线机器人以翻滚、俯仰和偏航角为广义坐标的动力学方程。采用线性化方法得到以三个姿态量为输出,以俯仰、翻滚通道输入量、旋翼升力和尾桨配平力为控制输入的悬停状态空间和控制方程。同时,使用极点配置法得到所需的控制输入,并设计了以TMS320F2812DSP为主控芯片的控制系统。Matlab仿真和实验证实了本方法的可行性和易实现性。     

Activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone by deiodinases: Local action with general consequences

The thyroid hormone plays a fundamental role in the development, growth, and metabolic homeostasis in all vertebrates by affecting the expression of different sets of genes. A group of thioredoxin fold-containing selenoproteins known as deiodinases control thyroid hormone action by activating or inactivating the precursor molecule thyroxine that is secreted by the thyroid gland. These pathways ensure regulation of the availability of the biologically active molecule T3, which occurs in a time-and tissue-specific fashion. In addition, because cells and plasma are in equilibrium and deiodination affects central thyroid hormone regulation, these local deiodinase-mediated events can also affect systemic thyroid hormone economy, such as in the case of non-thyroidal illness. Heightened interest in the field has been generated following the discovery that the deiodinases can be a component in both the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and the TGR-5 signaling cascade, a G-protein-coupled receptor for bile acids. These new mechanisms involved in deiodinase regulation indicate that local thyroid hormone activation and inactivation play a much broader role than previously thought. Received 29 August 2007; received after revision 11 October 2007; accepted 16 October 2007     

Endocrine-dependent expression of circadian clock genes in insects

Current models state that insect peripheral oscillators are directly responsive to light, while mammalian peripheral clock genes are coordinated by a master clock in the brain via intermediate factors, possibly hormonal. We show that the expression levels of two circadian clock genes, period (per) and Par Domain Protein 1 (Pdp1) in the peripheral tissue of an insect model species, the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus, are inversely affected by contrasting photoperiods. The effect of photoperiod on per and Pdp1 mRNA levels was found to be mediated by the corpus allatum, an endocrine gland producing juvenile hormone. Our results provide the first experimental evidence for the effect of an endocrine gland on circadian clock gene expression in insects. Received 31 October 2007; received after revision 7 January 2008; accepted 9 January 2008 D. Dolezel, L. Zdechovanova: These authors contributed equally to this work.     

Coilin levels and modifications influence artificial reporter splicing

Cajal bodies (CBs) and Gems are nuclear domains that contain factors responsible for spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) biogenesis. The marker protein for CBs is coilin. In addition to snRNPs, coilin and other factors, canonical CBs contain the survivor of motor neuron protein (SMN). SMN can also localize to Gems. Considering the important role that coilin plays in the formation and composition of CBs, we tested the splicing efficiency of several cell lines that vary in regards to coilin level and modification using an artificial reporter substrate. We found that cells with both hypomethylated coilin and Gems are more efficient at reporter splicing compared to cells in which SMN localizes to CBs. In contrast, coilin reduction, which induces Gem formation, decreases cell proliferation and artificial reporter splicing. These findings demonstrate that coilin modifications or levels impact artificial reporter splicing, possibly by influencing snRNP biogenesis. Received 26 December 2007; received after revision 5 February 2008; accepted 7 February 2008     

雪灵芝水溶性多糖提取工艺优化及其数学模型的建立

目的 优化雪灵芝水溶性多糖的提取工艺,并建立数学模型.方法 采用水提醇沉法提取雪灵芝水溶性多糖;运用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量;通过单因素实验研究浸提时间、加水比、浸提温度及乙醇浓度对多糖提取率的影响;采用响应面分析法优化提取条件,运用sas软件分析实验数据,建立回归模型.结果 得到雪灵芝水溶性多糖提取的优化工艺参数的最佳取值范围为:浸提温度(94.5～97.5℃);浸提时间(2～2.5h);加水比(43～51v/w).结论 为雪灵芝水溶性多糖提取工艺的优化提供了一定的技术依据,也为其后续研究奠定了基础.     

圆筒直线感应电机研究综述

圆筒型直线感应电动机与普通电动机的区别在于圆筒型直线电动机存在纵向端部效应.在这篇文章中,简要介绍圆筒直线感应电机的发展与结构后,分析了国内外直线电机特别是圆筒直线电机的研究现状,根据分析得出圆筒直线感应电机需要进一步研究的方向.     

Bile Acids: Chemistry, Pathochemistry, Biology, Pathobiology, and Therapeutics

Bile acids and bile alcohols in the form of their conjugates are amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism with multiple physiological functions. The great variety of bile acids and bile alcohols that are present in vertebrates are tabulated. Bile salts have an enterohepatic circulation resulting from efficient vectorial transport of bile salts through the hepatocyte and the ileal enterocyte; such transport leads to the accumulation of a pool of bile salts that cycles between the liver and intestine. Bile salt anions promote lipid absorption, enhance tryptic cleavage of dietary proteins, and have antimicrobial effects. Bile salts are signaling molecules, activating nuclear receptors in the hepatocyte and ileal enterocyte, as well as an increasing number of G-protein coupled receptors. Bile acids are used therapeutically to correct deficiency states, to decrease the cholesterol saturation of bile, or to decrease the cytotoxicity of retained bile acids in cholestatic liver disease.     

Molecular and Cellular Basis of Regeneration and Tissue Repair

The ability to produce differentiated cell types at will offers one approach to cell therapy and therefore the treatment and cure of degenerative diseases such as diabetes and liver failure. Until recently it was thought that differentiated cells could only be produced from embryonic or adult stem cells. However, we now know that this is not the case, and there is a growing body of evidence to show that one differentiated cell type can convert into a completely different phenotype (transdifferentiation). Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of transdifferentiation will allow us to reprogram cells for transplantation. This approach will complement the use of embryonic and adult stem cells in the treatment of degenerative disorders. In this review, we will focus on some well-documented examples of transdifferentiation.     

Molecular and Cellular Basis of Regeneration and Tissue Repair

Planarians possess amazing abilities to regulate tissue homeostasis and regenerate missing body parts. These features reside on the presence of a population of pluripotent/totipotent stem cells, the neoblasts, which are considered as the only planarian cells able to proliferate in the asexual strains. Neoblast distribution has been identified by mapping the cells incorporating bromodeoxyuridine, analyzing mitotic figures and using cell proliferation markers. Recently identified molecular markers specifically label subgroups of neoblasts, revealing thus the heterogeneity of the planarian stem cell population. Therefore, the apparent totipotency of neoblasts probably reflects the composite activities of multiple stem cell types. First steps have been undertaken to understand how neoblasts and differentiated cells communicate with each other to adapt the self-renewal and differentiation rates of neoblasts to the demands of the body. Moreover, the introduction of molecular resource database on planarians now paves the way to renewed strategies to understand planarian regeneration and stem cell-related issues.