水力冲孔卸压增透物理模拟试验及效果评价

水力冲孔技术是应用最广泛的卸压增透措施之一,在松软低透气性煤层取得较好效果。利用自主研发的水力冲孔试验装置开展了水力冲孔试验研究,同时在水力冲孔前后分别进行一次瓦斯抽采试验,基于瓦斯抽采情况评价水力冲孔增透效果。研究结果表明:同一位置的气体压力在水力冲孔后下降更快,靠近冲孔位置的区域受影响较大,而远处区域受影响较小,且增透效果在抽采一段时间后才会显现;为了定量评价水力冲孔的增透效果,基于瓦斯压力定义并推导了等效抽采半径和有效抽采时间两个参数,通过计算得出:通过水力冲孔技术,等效抽采半径增加至原来的1.7倍,而有效抽采时间降低为原来的56%,说明水力冲孔能有效增大煤层透气性,并提高抽采效率。同时发现水力冲孔后气体压力梯度较小,说明水力冲孔是通过促进冲孔附近煤层孔裂隙发育进而降低瓦斯运移阻力从而实现增透效果,因此如何持续、高效地提高煤层孔裂隙发育是水力冲孔技术的关键所在。     

Effect of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3sf</Subscript> addition on the friction and wear properties of (SiC<Subscript>p</Subscript>+Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3sf</Subscript>)/Al2024 composites fabricated by pressure infiltration

Aluminum (Al) 2024 matrix composites reinforced with alumina short fibers (Al₂O_3sf) and silicon carbide particles (SiC_p) as wear-resistant materials were prepared by pressure infiltration in this study. Further, the effect of Al₂O_3sf on the friction and wear properties of the as-synthesized composites was systematically investigated, and the relationship between volume fraction and wear mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the addition of Al₂O_3sf, characterized by the ratio of Al₂O_3sf to SiC_p, significantly affected the properties of the composites and resulted in changes in wear mechanisms. When the volume ratio of Al₂O_3sf to SiC_p was increased from 0 to 1, the rate of wear mass loss (K_m) and coefficients of friction (COFs) of the composites decreased, and the wear mechanisms were abrasive wear and furrow wear. When the volume ratio was increased from 1 to 3, the COF decreased continuously; however, the K_m increased rapidly and the wear mechanism became adhesive wear.     

Effect of different deformation and annealing procedures on non-magnetic textured Cu<Subscript>60</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>40</Subscript> alloy substrates

In this work, a series of specimens was prepared by the casting method. Sharp cube-textured substrates were processed by heavy cold rolling and recrystallization annealing (i.e., the rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) method). Both the rolling and the recrystallization texture in the alloy tapes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron back-scatter diffraction, respectively. The results showed that a strong copper-type deformation texture was obtained in the heavy cold-rolled substrate. In addition, the recrystallization annealing process was found to be very important for the texture transition in the Cu–Ni alloy substrates. The cube texture content in the Cu₆₀Ni₄₀ alloy substrates reached 99.7% (≤10°) after optimization of the cold-rolling procedure and the recrystallizing heat-treatment process, whereas the content of low-angle grain boundaries (from 2° to 10° misorientation) in the substrate reached 95.1%.     

Prediction model for atmospheric corrosion of 7005-T4 aluminum alloy in industrial and marine environments

Accelerated corrosion tests of the 7005-T4 aluminum alloy were conducted to determine a suitable service life prediction method by using alternating wet-dry cycles in three kinds of solutions. The morphology and composition analysis of the corrosion product revealed that slight corrosion occurred on the surfaces of the samples immersed in a 0.25wt% Na₂S₂O₈ solution. However, pitting corrosion occurred on the surfaces of the samples immersed in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution, whereas exfoliation corrosion occurred on the surfaces of the samples immersed in a mixture of 0.25wt% Na₂S₂O₈ and 3.5wt% NaCl solutions. A power exponent relationship was observed between the mass loss and exposure time of the 7005-T4 aluminum alloy immersed in the three kinds of solutions. In the mixture of 0.25wt% Na₂S₂O₈ and 3.5wt% NaCl solutions, the mass loss of the aluminum alloy yielded the maximum value. Based on the calculation of the correlation coefficients, the alternating wet-dry procedure in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution could be used to predict the corrosion behavior of 7005-T4 aluminum alloy exposed in the atmosphere of Qingdao, China. The prediction model is as follows:T=104.28·t0.91, where T is the equivalent time and t is the exposure time.     

宁夏居民体育健身活动及变动项目因素分析

经调查研究表明,宁夏居民体育健身活动项目主要集中在散步、跑步、气功、太极拳、体操(徒手体操)、羽毛球、乒乓球、体育舞蹈上,随年龄的增长部分活动项目的参与率呈上升趋势,部分活动项目的参与率呈明显下降趋势,部分活动项目的参与率则呈上下起伏不定态势．     

內源微生物驱后油藏理化性质变化及细菌群落结构解析?

通过研究新疆油田微生物驱后油水两相理化性质,发现现场注入营养剂后采出液水相黏度升高50%以上,油相黏度降低54%,油水两相界面张力降低了24%。通过比较两种细胞破碎方法提取的采出水中细菌总DNA质量,确定使用以超声波细胞破碎法所提取的水样总DNA扩增细菌16S rDNA高可变区V9区,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳（Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis,DGGE）法根据DNA片段裂解性质分析不同时期采出水菌群变化。通过对优势条带序列的分析及在GenBank中的比对,发现现场营养剂激活后菌群构成趋向简单化,激活后微生物采油常用功能菌假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和梭菌(Clostridium)为优势菌。说明通过现场营养剂的注入,定向激活了有益功能菌,改善了油藏油水流度比,这些都是油田现场采收率提高的原因。     

多禁止符号算术编码高效错误检测算法

为解决算术编码误码敏感的问题,提出了采用多个禁止符号的高效算术编码错误检测方法。在分析有限精度算术编码器特点的基础上,研究了多禁止符号的不同概率区间分配方案,比较了各种方案错误检测的符号距离和bit距离。实验结果表明:在添加相同程度的编码冗余情况下,多禁止符号错误检测方法优于单个禁止符号检测方法,可更快检测出错误,错误符号被立即检测出的比例提高了约一倍。多个禁止符号错误检测方法能够高效、快速地检测出传输中产生的比特错误,对通信中的检错重传、算术编码联合译码、错误定位等都有意义。     

新型PVC膜银离子选择电极的研制及应用

以合成的双(N-乙基-N-苯基氨基二硫代甲酸)1,3-丙二醇酯为载体,采用双层膜电位法直接测定了溶剂聚合物膜中载体与金属离子的络合物生成常数.制备并考察了以双(N-乙基-N-苯基氨基二硫代甲酸)1,3-丙二醇酯为载体的银离子选择电极的性能.实验结果表明:该选择电极对银离子有良好的响应性能和高选择性,在10-3~10-6mol/L的浓度范围内响应斜率为56.0 mV/paAg+,检测下限为3.7×10-7mol/L,碱金属、碱土金属及过渡金属离子不干扰银的测定.该电极可作为测定维生素B1药片中维生素B1含量的电位滴定指示电极和水样中银离子含量的直接测定.     

赋Orlicz范数Musielak-Orlicz函数空间端点

本文得到赋Orlicz范数Musielak-Orlicz函数空间的点作为端点的充要条件,并借助此条件得出赋Orlicz范数Musielak-Orlicz函数空间严格凸的等价条件.     

和田玉研究的关键问题

简要分析了和田玉研究中的一些关键问题,涉及和田玉自然属性和社会属性中的众多领域,包括矿床成因机理、找矿勘探、开发利用、玉与石的分化、古玉溯源及加工工艺、玉的历史作用等方面。有关问题的解决寄希望于相关自然科学与社会科学的深化与发展,更寄希望于自然科学与社会科学的交叉与融合。