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101.
A chain initiation factor common to both modular and aromatic polyketide synthases. 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
C Bisang P F Long J Cortés J Westcott J Crosby A L Matharu R J Cox T J Simpson J Staunton P F Leadlay 《Nature》1999,401(6752):502-505
Antibiotic-producing polyketide synthases (PKSs) are enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis in Streptomyces and related filamentous bacteria of a remarkably broad range of bioactive metabolites, including antitumour aromatic compounds such as mithramycin and macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin. The molecular basis for the selection of the starter unit on aromatic PKSs is unknown. Here we show that a component of aromatic PKS, previously named 'chain-length factor', is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation and that this factor has decarboxylase activity towards malonyl-ACP (acyl carrier protein). We have re-examined the mechanism of initiation on modular PKSs and have identified as a specific initiation factor a domain of previously unknown function named KSQ, which operates like chain-length factor. Both KSQ and chain-length factor are similar to the ketosynthase domains that catalyse polyketide chain extension in modular multifunctional PKSs and in aromatic PKSs, respectively, except that the ketosynthase domain active-site cysteine residue is replaced by a highly conserved glutamine in KSQ and in chain-length factor. The glutamine residue is important both for decarboxylase activity and for polyketide synthesis. 相似文献
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105.
Positional cloning of a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 13q14 that influences immunoglobulin E levels and asthma 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
106.
Bivona TG Pérez De Castro I Ahearn IM Grana TM Chiu VK Lockyer PJ Cullen PJ Pellicer A Cox AD Philips MR 《Nature》2003,424(6949):694-698
Ras proteins regulate cellular growth and differentiation, and are mutated in 30% of cancers. We have shown recently that Ras is activated on and transmits signals from the Golgi apparatus as well as the plasma membrane but the mechanism of compartmentalized signalling was not determined. Here we show that, in response to Src-dependent activation of phospholipase Cgamma1, the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP1 translocated to the Golgi where it activated Ras. Whereas Ca(2+) positively regulated Ras on the Golgi apparatus through RasGRP1, the same second messenger negatively regulated Ras on the plasma membrane by means of the Ras GTPase-activating protein CAPRI. Ras activation after T-cell receptor stimulation in Jurkat cells, rich in RasGRP1, was limited to the Golgi apparatus through the action of CAPRI, demonstrating unambiguously a physiological role for Ras on Golgi. Activation of Ras on Golgi also induced differentiation of PC12 cells, transformed fibroblasts and mediated radioresistance. Thus, activation of Ras on Golgi has important biological consequences and proceeds through a pathway distinct from the one that activates Ras on the plasma membrane. 相似文献
107.
Valency investigations of iron dextran ("Imferon") 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
108.
Identification of the gene (BBS1) most commonly involved in Bardet-Biedl syndrome,a complex human obesity syndrome 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Mykytyn K Nishimura DY Searby CC Shastri M Yen HJ Beck JS Braun T Streb LM Cornier AS Cox GF Fulton AB Carmi R Lüleci G Chandrasekharappa SC Collins FS Jacobson SG Heckenlively JR Weleber RG Stone EM Sheffield VC 《Nature genetics》2002,31(4):435-438
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS, OMIM 209900) is a genetic disorder with the primary features of obesity, pigmentary retinopathy, polydactyly, renal malformations, mental retardation and hypogenitalism. Individuals with BBS are also at increased risk for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and congenital heart disease. What was once thought to be a homogeneous autosomal recessive disorder is now known to map to at least six loci: 11q13 (BBS1), 16q21 (BBS2), 3p13 p12 (BBS3), 15q22.3 q23 (BBS4), 2q31 (BBS5) and 20p12 (BBS6). There has been considerable interest in identifying the genes that underlie BBS, because some components of the phenotype are common. Cases of BBS mapping ro BBS6 are caused by mutations in MKKS; mutations in this gene also cause McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (hydrometrocolpos, post-axial polydactyly and congenital heart defects). In addition, we recently used positional cloning to identify the genes underlying BBS2 (ref. 16) and BBS4 (ref. 17). The BBS6 protein has similarity to a Thermoplasma acidophilum chaperonin, whereas BBS2 and BBS4 have no significant similarity to chaperonins. It has recently been suggested that three mutated alleles (two at one locus, and a third at a second locus) may be required for manifestation of BBS (triallelic inheritance). Here we report the identification of the gene BBS1 and show that a missense mutation of this gene is a frequent cause of BBS. In addition, we provide data showing that this common mutation is not involved in triallelic inheritance. 相似文献
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Cookson WO Ubhi B Lawrence R Abecasis GR Walley AJ Cox HE Coleman R Leaves NI Trembath RC Moffatt MF Harper JI 《Nature genetics》2001,27(4):372-373
We have carried out a genome screen for atopic dermatitis (AD) and have identified linkage to AD on chromosomes 1q21, 17q25 and 20p. These regions correspond closely with known psoriasis loci, as does a previously identified AD locus on chromosome 3q21. The results indicate that AD is influenced by genes with general effects on dermal inflammation and immunity. 相似文献