全文获取类型
收费全文 | 30217篇 |
免费 | 78篇 |
国内免费 | 86篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 313篇 |
丛书文集 | 542篇 |
教育与普及 | 63篇 |
理论与方法论 | 104篇 |
现状及发展 | 12747篇 |
研究方法 | 1199篇 |
综合类 | 14967篇 |
自然研究 | 446篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 223篇 |
2012年 | 379篇 |
2011年 | 896篇 |
2010年 | 174篇 |
2009年 | 134篇 |
2008年 | 461篇 |
2007年 | 596篇 |
2006年 | 530篇 |
2005年 | 545篇 |
2004年 | 510篇 |
2003年 | 546篇 |
2002年 | 488篇 |
2001年 | 1095篇 |
2000年 | 1082篇 |
1999年 | 606篇 |
1992年 | 597篇 |
1991年 | 453篇 |
1990年 | 520篇 |
1989年 | 507篇 |
1988年 | 484篇 |
1987年 | 479篇 |
1986年 | 505篇 |
1985年 | 572篇 |
1984年 | 449篇 |
1983年 | 403篇 |
1982年 | 353篇 |
1981年 | 378篇 |
1980年 | 425篇 |
1979年 | 970篇 |
1978年 | 776篇 |
1977年 | 771篇 |
1976年 | 601篇 |
1975年 | 653篇 |
1974年 | 984篇 |
1973年 | 754篇 |
1972年 | 754篇 |
1971年 | 931篇 |
1970年 | 1182篇 |
1969年 | 929篇 |
1968年 | 870篇 |
1967年 | 851篇 |
1966年 | 769篇 |
1965年 | 555篇 |
1959年 | 321篇 |
1958年 | 498篇 |
1957年 | 333篇 |
1956年 | 271篇 |
1955年 | 270篇 |
1954年 | 254篇 |
1948年 | 168篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
21.
To validate procedures of rational drug design, it is important to develop computational methods that predict binding sites between a protein and a ligand molecule. Many small molecules have been tested using such programs, but examination of protein-protein and peptide-protein interactions has been sparse. We were able to test such applications once the structures of both the maltose-binding protein (MBP) and the ligand-binding domain of the aspartate receptor, which binds MBP, became available. Here we predict the binding site of MBP to its receptor using a 'binary docking' technique in which two MBP octapeptide sequences containing mutations that eliminate maltose chemotaxis are independently docked to the receptor. The peptides in the docked solutions superimpose on their original positions in the structure of MBP and allow the formation of an MBP-receptor complex. The consistency of the computational and biological results supports this approach for predicting protein-protein and peptide-protein interactions. 相似文献
22.
Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease. 总被引:149,自引:0,他引:149
M M Shull I Ormsby A B Kier S Pawlowski R J Diebold M Yin R Allen C Sidman G Proetzel D Calvin 《Nature》1992,359(6397):693-699
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a multifunctional growth factor that has profound regulatory effects on many developmental and physiological processes. Disruption of the TGF-beta 1 gene by homologous recombination in murine embryonic stem cells enables mice to be generated that carry the disrupted allele. Animals homozygous for the mutated TGF-beta 1 allele show no gross developmental abnormalities, but about 20 days after birth they succumb to a wasting syndrome accompanied by a multifocal, mixed inflammatory cell response and tissue necrosis, leading to organ failure and death. TGF-beta 1-deficient mice may be valuable models for human immune and inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft versus host reactions. 相似文献
23.
Short alanine peptides, containing 16 or 17 residues, appear to form alpha-helices in aqueous solution. But the main spectroscopic analyses used on helical peptides (circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance) cannot distinguish between an alpha-helix (in which the ith residue is hydrogen-bonded to residue i + 4; ref. 9) and the next most common peptide helix, the 3(10)-helix10 (i-->i + 3 hydrogen-bonding). To address this problem we have designed single and doubly spin-labelled analogues of alanine-based peptides in which the nitroxide spin label forms an unbranched side chain extending from the sulphur atom of a cysteine residue. Here we report the circular dichroism, Fourier-transform infrared and electron-spin resonance spectra of these peptides under helix-forming conditions. The infrared absorbance gives an amide I' band with a frequency that is substantially different from that observed for alpha-helices. The electron-spin resonance spectra of doubly labelled helices show that the ranking of distances between side chains, around a single turn (residues 4-8), is inconsistent with an alpha-helical structure. Our experiments suggest that the more likely peptide geometry is a 3(10)-helix. 相似文献
24.
生物序列分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
这次演讲将回顾近 1 0多年来应用某些随机模型于生物序列分析的研究工作 .这些模型本身有很长的历史 ,可追溯到 3 0多年以前 ,尽管从那时起 ,这些模型已经产生了很多新的变种 .在生物序列分析中模型的作用是归总那些涉及到在生物信息学中已知的模体 (motif)或域 (domain)的信息 ,并且提供一种工具在另一序列片段中寻找模体或域的实例 (instance) .我们将逐步介绍模体模型 ,从非常简单的 ,非随机情况开始 ,进而是更复杂的情况 ,直至近来的关于模体的剖面隐马氏模型 .第二个例子是来自利用一个或两个物种的序列数据进行基因发现 ,其中广义隐马氏模型或广义成对 (pair)隐马氏模型已被证实非常有效 相似文献
25.
Abnormal pattern detected in fragile-X patients by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
The fragile-X syndrome is the most frequent inherited form of mental retardation, with an incidence of 1 in 1,500 males. It is characterized by the presence of a fragile site at Xq27.3 induced in vitro by folate deprivation or by inhibitors of deoxynucleotide synthesis. Its mode of inheritance is unusual for an X-linked trait, with incomplete penetrance in both males and females. Some phenotypically normal males transmit the mutation to all their daughters who rarely express any symptoms, but penetrance is high in sons and daughters of these carrier women. Genetic and physical mapping of the Xq27-q28 region has confirmed that the disease locus is located at or very near the fragile site. Hypotheses proposed to account for the abnormalities in the inheritance of the disease include sequence rearrangements by meiotic recombination or a mutation that affects reactivation of an inactive X chromosome during differentiation of female germ cells. To detect such rearrangements, or methylation changes that may reflect a locally inactive X chromosome, we used pulsed-field gel analysis of DNA from fragile-X patients with probes close to the fragile-X locus. The probe Do33 (DXS465) detected abnormal patterns in fragile-X patients, but not in normal controls or in non-expressing male transmitters. 相似文献
26.
复合材料薄平板经热压制成后,都需要进行质量检测。本文探索用测量模态阻尼和振型的方法,对复合材料薄平板的制作质量进行无损检测,作为对其它昂贵的无损检测方法的补充。略述用振动方法进行无损检测的原理,测量薄平板阻尼的方法以及提高测量精度的措施。还讨论在测量薄平板阻尼时可能遇到的一些特殊问题(如非线性刚度、拍、模态密集等问题);以云母基复合材料薄平板作为例子,从测量其阻尼和振型的结果,对这种板的制作质量进行讨论。 相似文献
27.
A. Gutnisky P. Glikman M. F. Gimeno A. L. Gimeno 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1982,38(1):116-117
Summary The administration of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (15(R)-15-M-PGE2) in vivo significantly diminished the uptake of59Fe into blood, spleen, liver, femur and dried intestine of rats, whereas acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) increased the counts significantly. This effect of ASA was counteracted by 15(R)-15-M-PGE2. It is suggested that prostaglandins (PGs) might play an important role in inhibiting iron absorption at the intestinal level.This work was supported by grant No.6638 from CONICET (Argentina). The technical assistance of Mrs María E. Castro and Norma Rizzo is gratefully acknowleged. 相似文献
28.
Summary Host cell reactivation capacity for ozone T3 phage was determined for differentE. coli strains deficient in one or more of the DNA repair mechanisms. The results indicate that DNA polymerase I appears to play a key role in the repair of damage produced on the DNA by ozone while thelexA gene product seems to play a minor one.This research was sponsored by the National Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada. One of us (PLH) acknowledges a scholarship from the NSERCof Canada. 相似文献
29.
Summary The nature of antigen Dd, an antigen present in the extracts of human dandruff which precipitates human sera selectively, and antibodies reacting with it are reported.This work was supported through U.G.C. Grant No. F.23-230/75/SR II. H.K. participated in this study, first as J.R.F. of U.G.C. and then as S.R.F. of I.C.M.R. We are grateful to Dr Baruch S. Blumberg for his invaluable suggestions and to Professor H. Walter for the gift of IgG, IgM and IgA immune sera. 相似文献
30.