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781.
782.
Myosin 5 is a two-headed motor protein that moves cargoes along actin filaments. Its tail ends in paired globular tail domains (GTDs) thought to bind cargo. At nanomolar calcium levels, actin-activated ATPase is low and the molecule is folded. Micromolar calcium concentrations activate ATPase and the molecule unfolds. Here we describe the structure of folded myosin and the GTD's role in regulating activity. Electron microscopy shows that the two heads lie either side of the tail, contacting the GTDs at a lobe of the motor domain (approximately Pro 117-Pro 137) that contains conserved acidic side chains, suggesting ionic interactions between motor domain and GTD. Myosin 5 heavy meromyosin, a constitutively active fragment lacking the GTDs, is inhibited and folded by a dimeric GST-GTD fusion protein. Motility assays reveal that at nanomolar calcium levels heavy meromyosin moves robustly on actin filaments whereas few myosins bind or move. These results combine to show that with no cargo, the GTDs bind in an intramolecular manner to the motor domains, producing an inhibited and compact structure that binds weakly to actin and allows the molecule to recycle towards new cargoes. 相似文献
783.
J. -Y. Wu J. A. London D. Zecevic H. -P. Höpp L. B. Cohen Chun Xiao 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1988,44(5):369-376
Summary Optical methods for monitoring neuron activity were developed because these methods lend themselves to simultaneous multiple-site measurements. With the use of new voltage-sensitive dyes, the dye-related pharmacology and photodynamic damage appear to be relatively unimportant. Using multiple-site measurements made with a 124-element photodiode array, we estimated that approximately 30 of the 200 neurons present in theNavanax buccal ganglion make action potentials during feeding and that approximately 300 of the 1100 neurons present in theNavanax buccal ganglion make are active during the gill-withdrawal reflex. The fact that a light mechanical touch to the siphon skin activated such a large number of neurons in the abdominal ganglion suggests that understanding the neuronal basis of the gill-withdrawal reflex and its behavioral plasticity may be forbiddingly difficult. 相似文献
784.
785.
On characterizing optimization-based clustering methods 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Peter Bryant 《Journal of Classification》1988,5(1):81-84
This paper suggests a simplification of a recent approach suggested by Windham to characterizing optimization-based clustering methods. The simplification is based on noting an analogy between certain quantities in Windham's formulation and corresponding quantities in mathematical statistics, particularly sufficient statistics and the exponential family of densities.He thanks an anonymous referee for several helpful comments. 相似文献
786.
Large-sample results for optimization-based clustering methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peter G. Bryant 《Journal of Classification》1991,8(1):31-44
Many common (nonhierarchical) clustering and classification methods are optimization-based methods, in the sense described
by Windham (1987) in this Journal. This paper gives some large sample properties for estimates derived by such methods. Under
appropriate conditions, such estimates converge with probability one to a limit, and are asymptotically normally distributed
around that limiting value. The conditions are satisfied by most of the common examples of optimization-based methods.
Prepared for the 2nd International Conference, International Federation of Classification Societies, Charlottesville, VA,
1989. Supported in part by summer research funds, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Colorado at Denver. 相似文献
787.
788.
Tabernanthine increased the synthesis and elimination of catecholamines (CA) in the striatum and the rest of the brain, but not in the hypothalamus. These data provide evidence that tabernanthine may activate CA turnover of some brain structures by acting at 2 steps of the metabolic pathway. The results are discussed in relation to a central stimulating action and a hypoxia antagonistic effect of this drug. 相似文献
789.
790.
Summary In vertebrae of genetically selected sucrose-fed diabetic rats a statistically significant bone deficit was found after diabetes had been present for about 8 months. No osteopenia was observed in diabetic rats following treatment with estrogenic hormone for 5–7 months. The development of osseous centers in the end plates of the vertebrae was retarded in diabetic rats, but was about normal in diabetic rats given estrogen.—No differences were noted in the growth zones or in the tendency to develop articular lesions in rats of the various groups. Possible differences in the amount of GAG in intervertebral discs of diabetic and non-diabetic rats respectively await further confirmation.These investigations were aided by grant No. 2 RO1 EYO 1837-03, of the Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.We are indebted to Professor Dr J. Rüttner, Institute of Pathology, University of Zürich, for his permission to use the calculator. 相似文献