人类乙型肝炎样病毒Pre—S1包膜蛋白的一个特定区域为乙肝病毒形成所必需

土拨鼠肝炎病毒（WHV）是一种哺乳类动物的肝炎病毒．这种病毒在结构和抗原怕与人类乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）非常相似．以往的研究报告指出,在一种称为鸭乙型肝炎病毒（DHBV）的Pre－S包膜蛋白中,含有一个特定区域．这一区域由天冬氨酸－天冬氨酸－脯氨酸－亮氨酸－亮氨酸（DDPLL）5个氨基酸残基所组成．已发现,这一区域在像DHBV这一类禽类乙肝病毒的病毒装配和分泌时所必需的（LenhoffR,SummersJ．JVirol,1994,68：4565～4571）．在WHV的Pre－S包胰蛋白中第201个氨基酸到第205个氨基酸所包含的顺序,甘氨酸－天冬氨酸－脯氨…     

The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1

The reference sequence for each human chromosome provides the framework for understanding genome function, variation and evolution. Here we report the finished sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Chromosome 1 is gene-dense, with 3,141 genes and 991 pseudogenes, and many coding sequences overlap. Rearrangements and mutations of chromosome 1 are prevalent in cancer and many other diseases. Patterns of sequence variation reveal signals of recent selection in specific genes that may contribute to human fitness, and also in regions where no function is evident. Fine-scale recombination occurs in hotspots of varying intensity along the sequence, and is enriched near genes. These and other studies of human biology and disease encoded within chromosome 1 are made possible with the highly accurate annotated sequence, as part of the completed set of chromosome sequences that comprise the reference human genome.     

Embryo research: British Commons vote for ban

The British House of Commons, overriding opposition by party leaders, approved Enoch Powell's bill which would ban all experiments on human embryos and restrict their use to therapeutic in vitro fertilization procedures. Some members of Parliament have urged the government to announce a timetable for its own, more comprehensive legislation based on the recommendations of the Warnock Committee Report. This action would erode support for Powell's bill, which Lady Warnock warns could end in vitro fertilization in Britain.     

Transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by a human c-sis cDNA clone

The mechanism of leukaemogenic transformation by human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV), a retrovirus implicated in the aetiology of certain adult T-cell leukaemias and lymphomas, is unknown but is conceivably associated with the expression of the cellular analogues of retroviral oncogenes. The HUT-102 cell line, derived from a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and infected with HTLV, expresses several cellular oncogenes. It is unusual among haemopoietic cell lines in that one of these is c-sis, the gene from which the oncogene v-sis of the simian sarcoma virus was derived, and perhaps the gene for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). To explore the possible role of c-sis expression in HTLV-induced disease, we have obtained cDNA clones of c-sis from HUT-102 cells. Here we describe two such clones and report that one of them transforms NIH-3T3 cells. This is the first example of transformation of NIH-3T3 cells by a human onc gene other than c-ras or Blym, as well as the first demonstration of transformation by a human cDNA clone.     

基于类别空间的基因选择

基因选择通常是在基因空间中进行的. 由于基因空间的维数(基因数目)比该空间中的样本数要多得多, 这种做法存在严重的维数发难(curse of dimensionality)问题, 其结果是在基因空间中所建立数据模型难于获得满意的精度, 基于所建立模型的基因选择结果可信度低. 如何对具有极少样本的极高维空间进行特征选择(基因选择)是一个极具挑战性的课题. 将基因空间变换为它的对偶空间, 称为类别空间, 从而空间的维数仅为基因空间中样本的类别数, 空间中的样本数则为基因空间的维数. 显然, 在类别空间中不存在任何维数发难现象; 提出了在类别空间中基于将不同的类尽可能分开的原则、并借助主分量分析的基于类别空间基因选择方法. 对真实基因数据的基因选择实验, 并通过Fisher指标、加权Fisher指标以及leave-one-out cross validation等可分性指标, 与其他两种基因选择方法进行了深入的比较, 结果表明该方法是十分有效的.