基于公交视角的兰州市城市交通发展策略

从城市路网结构、机动车保有量、跨河交通以及市政工程等方面对交通发展的约束进行了讨论.在此基础上,进一步从线路长度、非直线系数、线网密度、首末站点设置等方面进行了系统分析,认为兰州市公交主要存在公交线路普遍偏长、线路非直线系数过大、线网密度差异大、首末站设置不均衡等问题.据此提出了优化路网结构、发展大容量公共交通、合理规划站点、积极开发水上交通、不断提升管理水平等措施,以期对兰州城市交通的持续健康协调发展和国内其他带状河谷城市发展交通提供决策参考.     

Scalable architecture in mammalian brains

Comparison of mammalian brain parts has often focused on differences in absolute size, revealing only a general tendency for all parts to grow together. Attempts to find size-independent effects using body weight as a reference variable obscure size relationships owing to independent variation of body size and give phylogenies of questionable significance. Here we use the brain itself as a size reference to define the cerebrotype, a species-by-species measure of brain composition. With this measure, across many mammalian taxa the cerebellum occupies a constant fraction of the total brain volume (0.13 +/- 0.02), arguing against the hypothesis that the cerebellum acts as a computational engine principally serving the neocortex. Mammalian taxa can be well separated by cerebrotype, thus allowing the use of quantitative neuroanatomical data to test evolutionary relationships. Primate cerebrotypes have progressively shifted and neocortical volume fractions have become successively larger in lemurs and lorises, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and hominoids, lending support to the idea that primate brain architecture has been driven by directed selection pressure. At the same time, absolute brain size can vary over 100-fold within a taxon, while maintaining a relatively uniform cerebrotype. Brains therefore constitute a scalable architecture.     

单台机器模糊加工时间排序问题的遗传算法

根据三角形模糊数的特性,在对总加工时间模糊度有约束的条件下,构造出NP-困难的1 |fuzzy| min n∑i=1Ci排序模型的遗传算法.并采用算例进行了仿真实验,验证算法的有效性.同时重点研究了设计的分段线性适应度函数的适用性.实例计算表明,通过调节适应度函数中的惩罚系数α和β,可以兼顾种群的多样性和促使搜索效率的提高.该算法的实际应用可行,且具有良好的收敛性和较高的搜索效率.     

Suppression of in vitro haematopoiesis following human immunodeficiency virus infection

Viral infections are frequently associated with haematological disorders. Abnormalities including leukopenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia are commonly observed in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or the AIDS-related complex (ARC). The underlying cause of these haematological abnormalities is poorly understood. We report here that bone marrow progenitors isolated from AIDS or ARC patients are responsive to recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) and recombinant erythropoietin. Antibodies present in the serum of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), however, could suppress the growth of these progenitors, but not the growth of progenitors from HIV seronegative controls. A component of this immune-mediated suppression appears to be antibodies directed towards the envelope glycoprotein (gp120) of HIV.     

Specific inhibition of herpesvirus ribonucleotide reductase by synthetic peptides

Ribonucleotide reductase is an essential enzyme for DNA synthesis in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; it catalyses the reductive conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. Several herpesviruses including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, pseudorabies virus (PRV), equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been found to induce novel ribonucleotide reductase activities. There is evidence that the HSV-1 ribonucleotide reductase activity is virus-encoded and essential for virus replication. This makes herpesvirus ribonucleotide reductases potential targets for antiviral chemotherapy. The HSV-1-encoded enzyme consists of two subunits: V136, the large subunit of relative molecular mass (Mr) 136,000 (136K) (RR1), which has been shown to be essential for enzyme activity, and V38, the small subunit (RR2) which forms a complex with the large subunit and is also likely to be essential for enzyme activity. Two particular features of the enzyme make it an attractive antiviral target. First, there is evidence for a common, highly conserved herpesvirus ribonucleotide reductase and second, the interaction between the large and small subunits may itself be exploitable. Here we identify a synthetic peptide which specifically inhibits the activity of virus-induced enzyme. We deduce that the mechanism of inhibition involves interference with the normal interaction between the two types of subunit.     

一种salen镍配合物的合成与晶体结构

合成和表征了一种新的salen镍配合物,并报道了其单晶衍射数据.化合物4:[NiC28H20Cl2N2O2]·CH2Cl2,M=631.00,单斜,P21/c,a=1.1086(2)nm,b=1.7521(4)nm,c=1.4819(3)nm,β=105.06(3)°,Z=4,V=2.779 5(10)nm3,Dc=1.508 g/cm3,R1=0.0531,R2=0.1136.     

浙江天童受损常绿阔叶林实验生态学研究（V）：不同干扰下植被恢复初期主要树种五年的恢复和更新

为了解常绿阔叶林在遭受不同采伐干扰后的恢复和更新,于2003年10月至2008年10月在浙江天童地区常绿阔叶林中对5个不同采伐处理下的样地进行了5年的秋季植被跟踪调查.样地处理分别是：(Ⅰ)去除大树保留萌枝,(Ⅱ)去除地表植物保留枯枝落叶层,(Ⅲ)去除地表植物和10 cm的表土,(Ⅳ)清除下木层保留大树,以及(Ⅴ)对照.结果显示： ① 样地Ⅰ和Ⅱ的胸高断面积(BA)增长量最高, 分别为1 631.8 cm²和1 619.4 cm²;而样地Ⅳ的BA值增长量最少,为43.4 cm². ② 样地I的BA值增加以常绿阔叶乔木的BA增量为主,主要通过残留植株的生长而恢复;样地Ⅱ的BA值在5年中的恢复速度最快,主要以落叶灌木或小乔木和落叶阔叶乔木的BA增量为主; 样地Ⅲ的BA值恢复主要以落叶灌木或小乔木和常绿阔叶乔木的BA增量为主;样地Ⅳ中常绿树种和落叶树种都非常少,BA值都小于10 cm². ③ 各样地中幼苗的补充有一个波动的过程,恢复第1年最多,恢复第2年则发生锐减.样地Ⅰ中幼苗主要以常绿阔叶乔木为主.样地Ⅱ中幼苗也以常绿阔叶乔木为主,但相对样地Ⅰ有较多的落叶树种.样地Ⅲ中幼苗主要以落叶阔叶树种为主.样地Ⅳ中幼苗主要以常绿阔叶乔木为主.结果表明采伐模式对常绿阔叶林的恢复和更新有着深远的影响.择伐上木层后,常绿阔叶树种能得到较快的恢复;清除下木层,保留大树后,主要树种恢复缓慢;在皆伐下,落叶树种侵入,形成落叶树种为优势种或者常绿和落叶混交的群落.     

A soft solid surface on Titan as revealed by the Huygens Surface Science Package

The surface of Saturn's largest satellite--Titan--is largely obscured by an optically thick atmospheric haze, and so its nature has been the subject of considerable speculation and discussion. The Huygens probe entered Titan's atmosphere on 14 January 2005 and descended to the surface using a parachute system. Here we report measurements made just above and on the surface of Titan by the Huygens Surface Science Package. Acoustic sounding over the last 90 m above the surface reveals a relatively smooth, but not completely flat, surface surrounding the landing site. Penetrometry and accelerometry measurements during the probe impact event reveal that the surface was neither hard (like solid ice) nor very compressible (like a blanket of fluffy aerosol); rather, the Huygens probe landed on a relatively soft solid surface whose properties are analogous to wet clay, lightly packed snow and wet or dry sand. The probe settled gradually by a few millimetres after landing.