The somatic chromosomes of 3 lizard species:Gekko gecko,Iguana iguana,andCrotaphytus collaris

Zusammenfassung Die somatischen Chromosomen der 3 EidechsenartenGekko gecko (2N=38),Iguana iguana (2N=34) undCrotophytus collaris (2N=36), werden dargestellt.G. gecko besitzt metazentrische, subteleozentrische und teleozentrische Elemente, aber keine Mikrochromosomen.I. iguana undC. collaris besitzen Makrochromosomen (6 Paare) und Mikrochromosomen. Bei den ArtenG. gecko undI. iguana waren in keinen von beiden Geschlechtern heteromorphische Chromosomenpaare nach zuweisen.

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Supported by Project No. 417 from the U.S. Children's Bureau and Grant No. 08737 from the National Cancer Institute.     

无成本协同效应的横向兼并行为

基于寡头垄断竞争行业,研究了企业横向兼并的获利性和社会福利问题。结果表明:在企业兼并成垄断被排除的情况下,若兼并企业在其内部实施两阶段错开竞争且兼并企业与未参与兼并的企业之间进行Cournot竞争,则一次有利可图的先置兼并行为会引发系列兼并行为。当系列兼并行为发生后,兼并企业可能会陷入"囚徒困境",社会福利与初始的、完全分散的Cournot竞争市场相比可能增加。     

A soft solid surface on Titan as revealed by the Huygens Surface Science Package

The surface of Saturn's largest satellite--Titan--is largely obscured by an optically thick atmospheric haze, and so its nature has been the subject of considerable speculation and discussion. The Huygens probe entered Titan's atmosphere on 14 January 2005 and descended to the surface using a parachute system. Here we report measurements made just above and on the surface of Titan by the Huygens Surface Science Package. Acoustic sounding over the last 90 m above the surface reveals a relatively smooth, but not completely flat, surface surrounding the landing site. Penetrometry and accelerometry measurements during the probe impact event reveal that the surface was neither hard (like solid ice) nor very compressible (like a blanket of fluffy aerosol); rather, the Huygens probe landed on a relatively soft solid surface whose properties are analogous to wet clay, lightly packed snow and wet or dry sand. The probe settled gradually by a few millimetres after landing.