马衔山两种不同生境沙棘根际微生物研究

在沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)萌动早期,选取甘肃马衔山地区两种典型的生境,进行了沙棘根际微生物的分离、测数,并根据菌株形态、培养特征和生理生化特性等,对根际细菌、放线菌和真菌进行了初步鉴定.从两样地共得到细菌菌株47株,分属于12个属;放线菌菌株31株,分属于3个属;真菌菌株20株,分属于4个属.同一地区不同生境沙棘根际土壤中,林缘河滩沙棘灌丛沙棘根际土壤中微生物的总数以及细菌、放线菌和真菌数量均高于阳坡干旱草地;不同生境沙棘根际土壤中微生物种类组成也存在一定差异.     

Extraction of a weak climatic signal by an ecosystem

The complexity of ecosystems can cause subtle and chaotic responses to changes in external forcing. Although ecosystems may not normally behave chaotically, sensitivity to external influences associated with nonlinearity can lead to amplification of climatic signals. Strong correlations between an El Ni?o index and rainfall and maize yield in Zimbabwe have been demonstrated; the correlation with maize yield was stronger than that with rainfall. A second example is the 100,000-year ice-age cycle, which may arise from a weak cycle in radiation through its influence on the concentration of atmospheric CO2 (ref. 5). Such integration of a weak climatic signal has yet to be demonstrated in a realistic theoretical system. Here we use a particular climatic phenomenon-the observed association between plankton populations around the UK and the position of the Gulf Stream-as a probe to demonstrate how a detailed marine ecosystem model extracts a weak signal that is spread across different meteorological variables. Biological systems may therefore respond to climatic signals other than those that dominate the driving variables.     

弹性球体在冲击载荷下的应力波传播

给出了弹性球体在冲击载荷下应力波传播的解析解。该解法是利用特征函数展开法，将动力学的一般解分解为满足非齐次边界条件的准静态解和仅满足齐次边界条件的自由振动解，其中准静态解满足欧拉方程，而自由振动解满足贝塞尔(Bessel)方程。利用分离变量法，贝塞尔(Bessel)方程的解是一个由球贝塞尔函数构成的级数形式解，然后将此解和准静态解叠加，可得弹性动力学问题的解。与特征线法，积分变换法，广义射线法相比具有物理意义更加明确，数学解法更加简明的优点，同时这一解法可以推广到任意载荷下，各向同性弹性动力学中的一般球对称问题。     

扇、轮和完全图的r(2)点色数

提出了图的r(2)点染色的概念,研究了扇Fn、轮Wn、完全图Kn的r(2)点染色问题,并得到了它们的r(2)点色数.     

基于公交视角的兰州市城市交通发展策略

从城市路网结构、机动车保有量、跨河交通以及市政工程等方面对交通发展的约束进行了讨论.在此基础上,进一步从线路长度、非直线系数、线网密度、首末站点设置等方面进行了系统分析,认为兰州市公交主要存在公交线路普遍偏长、线路非直线系数过大、线网密度差异大、首末站设置不均衡等问题.据此提出了优化路网结构、发展大容量公共交通、合理规划站点、积极开发水上交通、不断提升管理水平等措施,以期对兰州城市交通的持续健康协调发展和国内其他带状河谷城市发展交通提供决策参考.     

Organization and sequences of the variable, joining and constant region genes of the human T-cell receptor alpha-chain

An essential property of the immune system is its ability to generate great diversity in antibody and T-cell immune responses. The genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for the generation of antibody diversity have been investigated during the past several years. The gene for the variable (V) region, which determines antigen specificity, is assembled when one member of each of the dispersed clusters of V gene segments, diversity (D) elements (for heavy chains only) and joining (J) segments are fused by DNA rearrangement. The cloning of the beta-chain of the T-cell antigen receptor revealed that the organization of the beta-chain locus, which is similar to that of immunoglobulin genes, is also composed of noncontiguous segments of V, D, J and constant (C) region genes. The structure of the alpha-chain seems to consist of a V and a C domain connected by a J segment. We report here that the human T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene consists of a number of noncontiguous V and J gene segments and a C region gene. The V region gene segment is interrupted by a single intron, whereas the C region contains four exons. The J segments, situated 5' of the C region gene, are dispersed over a distance of at least 35 kilobases (kb). Signal sequences, which are presumably involved in DNA recombination, are found next to the V and J gene segments.     

ICAM-1 a ligand for LFA-1-dependent adhesion of B, T and myeloid cells

Cell-cell adhesion is essential for many immunological functions. The LFA-1 molecule, a member of a superfamily of adhesion molecules, participates in adhesion which is critical to the function of each of the three major subsets of leukocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. Putative LFA-1 ligands have been identified functionally in different laboratories using three different monoclonal antibodies that inhibit LFA-1-mediated leukocyte adhesion in particular model systems; however, there may be more than one LFA-1 ligand. We have directly compared the three relevant monoclonal antibodies, and show that each binds to the same molecule, intercellular-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Most important, B, T and myeloid cells adhere specifically to purified ICAM-1-coated surfaces; such adhesion has distinctive requirements for Mg2+ and Ca2+. This constitutes biochemical evidence that ICAM-1 functions as a ligand for LFA-1-dependent adhesion by a variety of leukocytes.     

变换域通信系统双门限基函数优化设计

针对传统变换域通信系统的基函数门限设计单一固定,且未考虑系统吞吐量的缺点,提出了一种新型的双门限基函数优化设计方法。该方法通过高、低门限的合理设定,确立基函数幅度谱与干扰幅度谱的动态关系式。定义变量PCR(probability of bit error to output capacity ratio)为系统误码率与吞吐量的比值,来综合度量通信系统性能。通过理论分析推导出PCR关于门限的表达式,进而建立优化模型,并采用遍历法进行最终优化搜索。经仿真测试,与传统的二进制门限设计相比,本文所设计双门限优化算法在误码率与系统吞吐量性能上都有较大提升,并能够实现变换域通信系统误码率与吞吐量的最佳权衡。     

Leeches of the Snake River in Idaho and Oregon: paleodrainage implications of Mooreobdella microstoma

Leech species of the mid-Snake River of Idaho and Oregon are described, and the distribution of the extant leech Mooreobdella microstoma Moore in the Snake River paleodrainage is delineated. Samples were collected from aquatic surveys in the Snake River using suction dredging by the Idaho Power Company and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation between 1995 and 2006. Supplementing these surveys, opportunities were provided for leech identification in water-quality analyses in Arizona and Wyoming and in other surveys in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Eight species of leeches were found in the Snake River surveys. Erpobdella parva Moore was the most widely distributed species, occurring both above and below Shoshone Falls. Mooreobdella microstoma was widely distributed below Shoshone Falls. Other leech species were rare, although Helobdella stagnalis Linnaeus was very common above and less common below Shoshone Falls, a natural barrier to the anadromous fish. Mooreobdella microstoma is an extant species that links the Snake River to the lower Colorado River by various paleodrainages. It probably colonized the Snake River by upstream movement, whereas Erpobdella parva likely colonized this river by downstream movement.