Histone variants: emerging players in cancer biology

Histone variants are key players in shaping chromatin structure, and, thus, in regulating fundamental cellular processes such as chromosome segregation and gene expression. Emerging evidence points towards a role for histone variants in contributing to tumor progression, and, recently, the first cancer-associated mutation in a histone variant-encoding gene was reported. In addition, genetic alterations of the histone chaperones that specifically regulate chromatin incorporation of histone variants are rapidly being uncovered in numerous cancers. Collectively, these findings implicate histone variants as potential drivers of cancer initiation and/or progression, and, therefore, targeting histone deposition or the chromatin remodeling machinery may be of therapeutic value. Here, we review the mammalian histone variants of the H2A and H3 families in their respective cellular functions, and their involvement in tumor biology.     

SPIN90 dephosphorylation is required for cofilin-mediated actin depolymerization in NMDA-stimulated hippocampal neurons

Actin plays a fundamental role in the regulation of spine morphology (both shrinkage and enlargement) upon synaptic activation. In particular, actin depolymerization is crucial for the spine shrinkage in NMDAR-mediated synaptic depression. Here, we define the role of SPIN90 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in regulating actin depolymerization via modulation of cofilin activity. When neurons were treated with NMDA, SPIN90 was dephosphorylated by STEP61 (striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase) and translocated from the spines to the dendritic shafts. In addition, phosphorylated SPIN90 bound cofilin and then inhibited cofilin activity, suggesting that SPIN90 dephosphorylation is a prerequisite step for releasing cofilin so that cofilin can adequately sever actin filaments into monomeric form. We found that SPIN90 YE, a phosphomimetic mutant, remained in the spines after NMDAR activation where it bound cofilin, thereby effectively preventing actin depolymerization. This led to inhibition of the activity-dependent redistribution of cortactin and drebrin A, as well as of the morphological changes in the spines that underlie synaptic plasticity. These findings indicate that NMDA-induced SPIN90 dephosphorylation and translocation initiates cofilin-mediated actin dynamics and spine shrinkage within dendritic spines, thereby modulating synaptic activity.     

危机期间践行良好的科学

<正>科学共同体是人类文明中一种特有的组织,是科学家在科学活动中通过相对稳定的联系而结成的组织和团体,是集体科学劳动的一般社会存在形式。科学发展极大地推动了社会进步,科学与社会的联系比过去更加紧密,科学共同体的社会责任也在不断增强,本次新冠肺炎疫情在全球形势严峻,也暴露出科学共同体开展推进开放合作的迫切性。     

Design and implementation of highway distress and preventive measures decision support system based on WebGIS 

A highway distress and preventive measures decision support system based on WebGIS and J2EE architecture were studied, and the key issues for the system are presented. Such issues as spatial data and attribute data organization, technology of enhancing user experience, database connection pool were investigated. The feasibility of the theories and methods were tested through the system.     

Forecasting with leading indicators revisited

Transfer function or distributed lag models are commonly used in forecasting. The stability of a constant‐coefficient transfer function model, however, may become an issue for many economic variables due in part to the recent advance in technology and improvement in efficiency in data collection and processing. In this paper, we propose a simple functional‐coefficient transfer function model that can accommodate the changing environment. A likelihood ratio statistic is used to test the stability of a traditional transfer function model. We investigate the performance of the test statistic in the finite sample case via simulation. Using some well‐known examples, we demonstrate clearly that the proposed functional‐coefficient model can substantially improve the accuracy of out‐of‐sample forecasts. In particular, our simple modification results in a 25% reduction in the mean squared errors of out‐of‐sample one‐step‐ahead forecasts for the gas‐furnace data of Box and Jenkins. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CMOS射频集成电路的设计

本书是《10^9赫射频（RF）集成电路设计指南》修订后的第二版。自1998年第一版问世后，RFCMOS的商品化突飞猛进，不少公司用CMOS技术制造RF线路，大学也把CMOS作为教学内容，10^9赫频率上的噪声系数在实际线路中已低于1dB，优良的RF器件模型也相继出现……这些都为本书的适时修订提供了充分条件。     

液相臭氧化流动注射化学发光法测定水体化学耗氧量(COD)的研究:苯酚溶液COD测定

研究了紫外光辅助的苯酚臭氧化过程.利用溶解臭氧在水体中能够氧化鲁米诺产生发光现象,我们建立了流动注射液相化学发光测定COD的一种新方法.COD测定工作曲线为 y=34 276 lnx+63 269,线性相关系数为 0.995.线性范围0.6 mg/L到24 mg/L适合地表水COD监测.为了考察臭氧化法测定 COD的可行性,研究了苯酚的臭氧化反应动力学及反应机理,其直接和间接反应速率常数分别为383 mol-1·L·s-1和6.728×109 mol-1·L·s-1.几个实际淡水水样的COD测定结果显示新方法的 3 次测量标准偏差均小于 6%.与高锰酸钾 COD测定方法相比,新方法的结果要高 8.25%~25.82%,这表明紫外光辅助臭氧氧化与高锰酸钾氧化相比氧化能力能强.