神经电活动稳态调控抑制性突触传递的分子机制

发育中的神经网络需要兼顾生长与稳定这两种相辅相成的需求.稳态可塑性可通过调节兴奋性或抑制性突触传递从而维持神经网络的稳定.已报道的关于稳态可塑性机制方面的研究主要集中在其对兴奋性突触传递的影响,很少关注其对抑制性突触的调控.运用体外培养的原代海马神经元,本项研究发现了持续增强神经元电活动4小时能够诱导抑制性突触传递的稳...     

High-frequency, scaled graphene transistors on diamond-like carbon

Owing to its high carrier mobility and saturation velocity, graphene has attracted enormous attention in recent years. In particular, high-performance graphene transistors for radio-frequency (r.f.) applications are of great interest. Synthesis of large-scale graphene sheets of high quality and at low cost has been demonstrated using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods. However, very few studies have been performed on the scaling behaviour of transistors made from CVD graphene for r.f. applications, which hold great potential for commercialization. Here we report the systematic study of top-gated CVD-graphene r.f. transistors with gate lengths scaled down to 40 nm, the shortest gate length demonstrated on graphene r.f. devices. The CVD graphene was grown on copper film and transferred to a wafer of diamond-like carbon. Cut-off frequencies as high as 155 GHz have been obtained for the 40-nm transistors, and the cut-off frequency was found to scale as 1/(gate length). Furthermore, we studied graphene r.f. transistors at cryogenic temperatures. Unlike conventional semiconductor devices where low-temperature performance is hampered by carrier freeze-out effects, the r.f. performance of our graphene devices exhibits little temperature dependence down to 4.3 K, providing a much larger operation window than is available for conventional devices.     

Overcoming lability of extremely long alkane carbon-carbon bonds through dispersion forces

Steric effects in chemistry are a consequence of the space required to accommodate the atoms and groups within a molecule, and are often thought to be dominated by repulsive forces arising from overlapping electron densities (Pauli repulsion). An appreciation of attractive interactions such as van der Waals forces (which include London dispersion forces) is necessary to understand chemical bonding and reactivity fully. This is evident from, for example, the strongly debated origin of the higher stability of branched alkanes relative to linear alkanes and the possibility of constructing hydrocarbons with extraordinarily long C-C single bonds through steric crowding. Although empirical bond distance/bond strength relationships have been established for C-C bonds (longer C-C bonds have smaller bond dissociation energies), these have no present theoretical basis. Nevertheless, these empirical considerations are fundamental to structural and energetic evaluations in chemistry, as summarized by Pauling as early as 1960 and confirmed more recently. Here we report the preparation of hydrocarbons with extremely long C-C bonds (up to 1.704??), the longest such bonds observed so far in alkanes. The prepared compounds are unexpectedly stable--noticeable decomposition occurs only above 200?°C. We prepared the alkanes by coupling nanometre-sized, diamond-like, highly rigid structures known as diamondoids. The extraordinary stability of the coupling products is due to overall attractive dispersion interactions between the intramolecular H???H contact surfaces, as is evident from density functional theory computations with and without inclusion of dispersion corrections.     

Converting nonsense codons into sense codons by targeted pseudouridylation

All three translation termination codons, or nonsense codons, contain a uridine residue at the first position of the codon. Here, we demonstrate that pseudouridylation (conversion of uridine into pseudouridine (Ψ), ref. 4) of nonsense codons suppresses translation termination both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo targeting of nonsense codons is accomplished by the expression of an H/ACA RNA capable of directing the isomerization of uridine to Ψ within the nonsense codon. Thus, targeted pseudouridylation represents a novel approach for promoting nonsense suppression in vivo. Remarkably, we also show that pseudouridylated nonsense codons code for amino acids with similar properties. Specifically, ΨAA and ΨAG code for serine and threonine, whereas ΨGA codes for tyrosine and phenylalanine, thus suggesting a new mode of decoding. Our results also suggest that RNA modification, as a naturally occurring mechanism, may offer a new way to expand the genetic code.     

印度块菌粗多糖的提取及抗氧化活性研究

采用正交试验研究了热水浸提法提取印度块菌(Tuberindicum Cooke&Massee)子实体粗多糖(TICP)的最优工艺,根据方差分析结果确定了热水浸提法的最优工艺为:料液比1∶15,提取时间120 min,提取温度100℃,提取2次,多糖提取率为6.790 2%.用95%乙醇对粗多糖进行醇沉,然后利用总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)测定法、羟基自由基(OH.)清除法、铁离子螯合能力及测定还原能力等方法对上述印度块菌粗多糖的抗氧化活性进行评价,结果显示块菌粗多糖对羟基自由基的清除活性最高,其EC50值为0.26 mg/mL,其次为还原能力和铁离子螯合能力,其EC50值分别为1.15 mg/mL、2.80 mg/mL,同时块菌粗多糖具有较好的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),当浓度为20 mg/mL时,其总抗氧化能力为72.06 U/mL.     

基于遥感和GIS方法的千岛湖库区集合植物群落宏观格局初步分析

以杭州市淳安县千岛湖库区的典型集合植物群落为研究对象,运用遥感和GIS方法对其宏观格局特征进行初步分析,探讨了不同面积岛屿的归一化植被指数及其不同等级岛屿斑块的景观格局.结果表明:岛屿大小与岛屿的归一化植被指数呈现明显的正相关关系.各类岛屿内部不同NDVI等级斑块的景观格局对其NDVI整体大小有一定影响.整个景观的破碎...     

一卡通系统设计与实现

一卡通系统是校园数字信息化建设的重要组成部分.本文结合桂林电子科技大学北海校区信息化发展规划和学校实际情况,提出了校园一卡通的系统架构、通信方案和功能模块,分析了校园一卡通建设工程中需要重点考虑的关键技术和解决方案,并对未来校园卡在高校中的深入应用进行了探讨和建议.     

公路下充填开采的相似材料及数值模拟研究

针对公路下大量压煤的实际情况,为尝试性地探索公路下采煤的合适方法,利用相似材料模拟实验对公路下充填开采进行了研究,通过实验得到了公路在充填开采状态下所产生的移动和变形值;同时利用有限元软件ADINA进行三维数值模拟,将数值模拟与相似材料模拟实验的结果进行了对比分析,并研究了开采时煤层倾角、采深对公路稳定性的影响.研究表...     

用圆二色谱分析工频电场对辣根过氧化物酶结构的影响

辣根过氧化物酶经不同强度工频电场处理,用圆二色光谱研究不同强度工频电场对辣根过氧化物酶二级结构的影响,并分析酶的二级结构与酶活性的关系.结果表明,在0.5～5.5 kV/cm范围内,不同强度的工频电场对辣根过氧化物酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规卷曲的质量分数的影响程度不同.与对照组相比,处理组的α-螺旋的质量分数在场强为1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,4.5 kV/cm时有不同程度的降低,降低幅度为3.3%～9.4%,其余场强时均有不同程度的增加,增幅范围为0.9～10.0%;β-折叠的质量分数在场强为0.5,1.5,3.5,5.0,5.5 kV/cm时有不同程度的降低,降幅为0.8%～20.0%,其余场强时均有不同程度的增加,增幅为0.8%～32.8%;β-转角的质量分数在场强为1.0和3.5kV/cm时,分别增加2.4%和0.5%,其余场强时均有不同程度的降低,降低幅度为0.5%～2.9%;无规卷曲的质量分数在电场强度为1.5,3.0,4.0,5.0kV/cm时增加,增幅分别为2.1%,0.5%,0.8%,1.1%,其他处理组的无规卷曲的质量分数均有降低,降幅为0.5%～4.0%.工频电场具有使辣根过氧化物酶的二级结构各单元之间转化的作用.辣根过氧化物酶的活性变化与蛋白酶二级结构单元中的α-螺旋变化有一定的相关性.     

基于ZigBee网络的心音无线检测系统设计

针对众多连线的心音检测仪给病人带来心理上的干扰问题,介绍了基于Z igBee的无线传感器网络在心音信号传输中的应用,设计了一种心音无线检测系统,包括心音传感器、信号预处理、A/D转换电路、网络节点、检测基站和数据采集及自动分析部分.根据心音信号属于非平稳信号的特点,提出了基于复杂度的心音分析方法.实验结果表明,本系统能够对心音信号进行实时采集和有效传输,基于复杂度的算法能够成功地从心音信号提取S1和S2,并获取了3项医学指标:心率,第一心音与第二心音幅值比(S1/S2)和舒张期与收缩期时限比(D/S),初步实现了心音信号的自动识别.