我国专利保险的困境与对策

专利保险作为知识产权与金融资源结合的产物,具有提升企业知识产权保护与运用能力,降低与化解企业创新风险的重要功能。但专利保险产品在我国的推广实践表明,受限于企业维权能力、知识产权保护意识以及保险产品设计等方面原因。企业对于专利保险的认可程度仍较为有限,引发了专利保险的进一步推广与普及的困境。针对上述原因提出具有针对性的工作方案,是推动专利保险充分发挥其功能的关键。     

An M/M/1 Queueing-Inventory System with Geometric Batch Demands and Lost Sales

This paper studies an M/M/1 queueing-inventory system with batch demands. Customers arrive in the system according to a compound Poisson process, where the size of the batch demands for each arrival is a random variable that follows a geometric distribution. The inventory is replenished according to the standard (s,S) policy. The replenishment time follows an exponential distribution. Two models are considered. In the first model, if the on-hand inventory is less than the size of the batch demands of an arrived customer, the customer takes away all the items in the inventory, and a part of the customer’s batch demands is lost. In the second model, if the on-hand inventory is less than the size of the batch demands of an arrived customer, the customer leaves without taking any item from the inventory, and all of the customer’s batch demands are lost. For these two models, the authors derive the stationary conditions of the system. Then, the authors derive the stationary distributions of the product-form of the joint queue length and the on-hand inventory process. Besides this, the authors obtain some important performance measures and the average cost functions by using these stationary distributions. The results are illustrated by numerical examples.     

Microstructural characterization and oxidation resistance of multicomponent equiatomic CoCrCuFeNi-TiO high-entropy alloy

CoCrCuFeNi-TiO was prepared by arc melting of the pure elements and Ti₂CO powder under an Ar atmosphere. Both CoCrCuFeNi and CoCrCuFeNi-TiO alloys are composed of a face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution, whereas the alloys of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO are basically composed of an fcc solid solution and TiO crystals. The microstructures of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO are identified as dendrite and interdendrite structures such as CoCrCuFeNi. The morphology of TiO is identified as an equiaxed crystal with a small amount of added Ti₂CO. By increasing the amount of Ti₂CO added, the TiO content was dramatically increased and part of the equiaxed crystals changed to a dendrite structure. A test of the oxidation resistance demonstrates that the oxidation resistance of CoCrCuFeNi-TiO is better than that of CoCrCuFeNi. However, as the TiO content increases further, a corresponding decrease is observed in the oxidation resistance.     

The hidden disintegration of cluster heterogeneity in Fe-based glass-forming alloy melt

The evolution of liquid metal at high temperature is known much less than their solid states. This is partially due to that the message concerning clusters, metastable phase or heterogeneity in liquid is usually too slight to be traced. Here, we shed some light on the nature of structural evolution of Fe-based glass-forming alloy during overheating process by the investigation of high-temperature melt viscometry and first principles simulations. It was found that a structural transition around 1400 ℃ occurred in the melts of initial homogeneous ingot, heterogeneous ingot and amorphous ribbons jointly, and was confirmed by the results from differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), and ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD). Combining these results with Fe-Si-B ternary phase diagram and the melting characteristics of Fe-B compounds, it is safe to conclude that the disintegration of Fe_2B type clusters to Fe_3B-type clusters leads to the observed transition. These results offer a significant reference for the preparation and property control of Fe-based amorphous alloys.     

Monte Carlo模拟电子在球壳模型中的能量沉积分布

高能电子和物质相互作用是一个级联簇射（shower) 物理过程。空间飞行器防护系统就是利用这一原理,通过宇宙中的电子在飞行器中产生的shower电子,来了解其中半导体器件的有关信息。该文利用Monte Carlo,采用PENELOPE（Penetration and Energy Loss of Positrons and Electrons)软件包,对电子在飞行器中的运动过程进行模拟,给出球壳和半导体材料中的能量沉积分布,为空间飞行器的防护提供了理论依据。     

基于创新导向型心智模式的企业研发人员培训研究

对研发人员进行创新能力培训是企业技术创新的关键环节,而心智模式是研发人员创新行为的关键影响因素之一,其通过影响研发人员创新的态度和行为,进而影响企业创新绩效。因此,企业应通过培训创新知识和传播创新经验,重视研发人员个体成长、激发研发人员的创新思维乃至创新动机,加强企业创新文化建设、促进研发人员的创新意愿等途径,引导研发人员形成创新导向型心智模式,以达到理想的创新行为。     

水合锰(Ⅱ)结构的量子化学和ABEEM/MM研究

应用新一代可极化分子力场——原子-键电负性均衡浮动电荷分子力场ABEEM/MM,结合精密量子化学方法, 构建了精确的Mn²⁺-H₂O 相互作用的势能函数, 确定了相关参数.将该势能函数用于计算[Mn(H₂O)_n]²⁺(n=1~12)的结构和结合能, 得到了与量子化学一致的结果. 进一步对Mn²⁺水溶液进行ABEEM/MM 动力学模拟, 得到的Mn²⁺–O 径向分布函数的第一和第二最高峰分别处于0.218 和0.435 nm 处, 积分得到第一和第二水合层的配位水分子数分别为7.03 和17.74; 对于O–Mn²⁺–O 角度分布函数, 其第一和第二最高峰分别位于80°和140°附近, 这些结果与实验和其他理论方法的结果有很好的一致性. Mn²⁺的极化作用使得第一水合层中水分子的键长明显增长, 键角明显减小; 而Mn²⁺对第二水合层及外层水分子的结构影响较小. 分析体系的电荷分布表明, 与ABEEM-7P 纯水相比, Mn²⁺水溶液中参与形成氢键的氢原子和孤对电子的电荷变化较大, 且Mn²⁺和其邻近的水分子间存在明显的电荷转移.     

大尺寸关节支架的3D打印及应用

人工关节假体的置换与长期植入后的失效问题将造成关节组织不可恢复的损失,小块可降解骨软骨关节支架具有恢复病变关节的力学环境和诱导新生组织生长的能力,为大尺寸关节病变缺损修复提供了新的治疗策略.大面积深层病变软骨关节病变位置的生理结构与力学环境的分析,以及多材料复合关节支架的仿生制造与手术方案是治疗方案开发的难点.本文提出一种新型多材料关节支架的仿生设计与制造技术和植入方法.以诱导组织生长为导向,选择聚乙二醇凝胶(polyethyleneglyco,PEG)、β-磷酸三钙陶瓷(β-tricalcium phosphate,β-TCP)、聚乳酸(polylactide,PLA)等生物材料开发新型支架;以羊膝关节为研究对象,通过反求工程、有限元分析和3D打印技术,利用有限的影像学数据信息,建立膝关节模型和易病变软骨区域;基于支架生理结构特征与关节缺损区机械承载能力的映射关系,建立大块仿生骨软骨支架的结构与稳定性固定结构.实验证明该支架在置换初期较好地恢复了缺损关节的力学环境.所提出的方法和支架有望为大面积骨软骨缺损的修复提供一种新的治疗方案.     

q元非线性等重码的不可检错误概率

讨论了q元非线性等重码的检错性能,并着重用组合分析方法分析了q元非线性等重码(n,1, w)的距离分布,从而给出了q元非线性等重码(n, d, w)的距离分布,又由码的不可检错误概率与码的距离分布多项式,近而得出了q元非线性等重码的不可检错误概率。     

高效液相色谱法测定左卡尼汀注射液的含量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定左卡尼汀注射液含量。采用Zorbax SB—C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液[(取磷酸11.5 mL,加水约1800 mL,用1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节至pH3.0,加水至2 000 mL),加庚烷磺酸钠1.1 g,振摇使溶解]—甲醇(95∶5),流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为225 nm。结果表明,在0.04～3.0 mg/mL的范围内,浓度与峰面积之间呈现良好线性关系,r2=0.999 8(n=7),左卡尼汀注射液含量为标示量98.46%～100.9%,平均回收率为99.78%(n=9)。该法简便、准确、专属,可用于该注射液的质量控制。