Production and characterization of antibody against aflatoxin M1

Antibody against aflatoxin M1 was obtained after immunization of rabbits with bovine serum albumin-afla M1 oxime conjugate. The antibody has greatest binding efficiency for afla M1, and was less efficient for afla B1. Cross-reaction of antibody with aflatoxin Q1, aflatoxicol, and aflatoxin B2a was weak. Aflatoxin B2, G1, and G2 and afla B1-guanine adducts showed almost no cross-reaction with the antibody. The sensitivity of the binding assay for aflatoxin M1 detection is in the range of 1-10 ng per assay. Detailed methods for the preparation of the conjugate, production of immune serum, and methods for antibody determination are described.     

MEGF10 and MEGF11 mediate homotypic interactions required for mosaic spacing of retinal neurons

In many parts of the nervous system, neuronal somata display orderly spatial arrangements. In the retina, neurons of numerous individual subtypes form regular arrays called mosaics: they are less likely to be near neighbours of the same subtype than would occur by chance, resulting in 'exclusion zones' that separate them. Mosaic arrangements provide a mechanism to distribute each cell type evenly across the retina, ensuring that all parts of the visual field have access to a full set of processing elements. Remarkably, mosaics are independent of each other: although a neuron of one subtype is unlikely to be adjacent to another of the same subtype, there is no restriction on its spatial relationship to neighbouring neurons of other subtypes. This independence has led to the hypothesis that molecular cues expressed by specific subtypes pattern mosaics by mediating homotypic (within-subtype) short-range repulsive interactions. So far, however, no molecules have been identified that show such activity, so this hypothesis remains untested. Here we demonstrate in mouse that two related transmembrane proteins, MEGF10 and MEGF11, have critical roles in the formation of mosaics by two retinal interneuron subtypes, starburst amacrine cells and horizontal cells. MEGF10 and 11 and their invertebrate relatives Caenorhabditis elegans CED-1 and Drosophila Draper have hitherto been studied primarily as receptors necessary for engulfment of debris following apoptosis or axonal injury. Our results demonstrate that members of this gene family can also serve as subtype-specific ligands that pattern neuronal arrays.     

低能N+注入凤仙花的变异检测

以低能N 注入凤仙花(Impatiens balsaminaL)种子后获得了高茎、矮茎2个变异品系.对其进行过氧化物同工酶(POD)检测的结果表明,2个变异品系叶片的POD分子大小、表达强度和条带数目与对照相比都发生了一定变化.随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)分析结果也表明变异品系DNA链的脱氧核苷酸序列发生了变异,从25个随机引物中筛选出了9个具有多态性.实验证明适当剂量的低能N 注入能够在基因水平引起凤仙花的变异,为花卉产业的发展提供了一种遗传育种手段.     

挥发性组分对煤结构变形及煤吸附甲烷的影响（英文）

研究了煤中的挥发性物质对煤结构变形的作用,考察了此类结构变形对煤吸附甲烷的影响.实验过程采用溶剂抽提方式逐步移除了煤的挥发性物质.使用热重分析、X射线衍射及N2吸附/脱附等技术方法,考察了抽提前后样品的晶体结构、织构结构以及样品对甲烷吸附能力的差异.结果表明,移除挥发性物质导致煤结构变形,并导致煤吸附甲烷量的改变.微观结构表征证明,挥发性物质以两种形态存在于煤结构中:即其镶嵌在孔道中,或者以交联的方式附着在煤大分子网络中.其中,镶嵌在孔道中的挥发性物质是构筑煤孔道结构重要组成部分,因此影响气体在孔中的储存量;交联在煤大分子网络中的挥发性物质,影响煤与煤之间的分子相互作用,是煤晶体结构的重要参数,其可影响煤的孔结构变形程度.     

非织造布力学性能的模拟用其应用探讨

对不同粉末粘结剂含量非织造布的研究表明:线性和非线性的简易三元件模型均能较好地描述非织造布的拉伸性能和应力松弛性能。根据模型的拟合参数计算和讨论提出了应用力学模型可以检验非织造布加工中纤维网粘结程度优劣的可能性。     

汽车ABS电机PWM控制方法研究

通过对ABS工作过程中制动液流量的分析,确定了ABS电机的基本工作要求.结合ABS电机的工作特性,采用基于逻辑门限值的PWM控制方法控制电机.运用DSpace搭建快速原型试验台,对比在不同电机工作转速、PWM控制频率下的噪声和制动踏板感觉,优化逻辑门限值大小,得出合理的工作方式,使电机既能满足控制要求,又有较长的寿命.通过在不同路面的试验结果对该控制方法的两个关键参数进行了优化.最后进行不同工况的试验,结果表明:通过优化控制参数的PWM控制方法,具有较强的鲁棒性,能够满足ABS在任何工作条件下对电机的要求.     

已交配雌性克氏原螯虾的择偶行为

动物在繁殖期间会随自身繁殖状态的变化而调整择偶行为,这会导致它们择偶的多样性.本文研究具交配经验的雌性克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)在Y型水迷宫中对不同婚配状态的潜在配偶的择偶行为.雌虾对空白与原配、童子、非童子3种信息源虾的访问总时间P值均小于0.05,结果表明雌性克氏原螯虾与原交配雄体有再次交配的显著倾向,对该现象本文从螯虾繁殖成功率方面进行了探讨;面对3种信息源虾的选择差异性的P值均大于0.05,表明雌虾不区分潜在配偶的婚配状态,本文就螯虾的择偶偏好进行了讨论,此外对螯虾定向配种方面的应用进行了初步探讨.本研究以期为克氏原螯虾的繁殖行为学的理论研究及生产实践积累具参考意义的基础数据.     

Mineralization of flue gas CO2 with coproduction of valuable magnesium carbonate by means of magnesium chloride

CO2 mineralization and utilization is a new area for reducing the CO2 emissions. By reacting with natural mineral or industrial waste, CO2 can be transformed into valuable solid carbonate （such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate） with recovery of some products simultaneously. In this paper, a novel method was proposed to mineralize CO2 by means of magnesium chloride with small energy consumption. In this method, magnesium chloride was firstly transformed into magnesium hydroxide by electrolysis. The formed magnesium hydroxide showed high reactivity to mineralize CO2. In our study, even at low concentration, CO2 can be effectively mineralized by this method, which makes it possible to directly mineralize flue gas CO2, avoiding the expensive process of CO2 capture and purification. Moreover, valuable products such as hydromagnesite and nesquehonite can be recovered by this method. Because of the wide distribution of magnesium chloride in nature, largescale CO2 mineralization is potential by means of magnesium chloride.     

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